Determination of the Subcellular Distribution of Liposomes Using Confocal Microscopy

It is being increasingly recognized that therapeutics need to be delivered to specific organelle targets within cells. Liposomes are versatile lipid-based drug delivery vehicles that can be surface-modified to deliver the loaded cargo to specific subcellular locations within the cell. Hence, the development of such technology requires a means of measuring the subcellular distribution possibly by utilizing imaging techniques that can visualize and quantitate the extent of this subcellular localization. The apparent increase of resolution along the Z-axis offered by confocal microscopy makes this technique suitable for such studies. In this chapter, we describe the application of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to determine the subcellular distribution of fluorescently labeled mitochondriotropic liposomes.