Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

150-GHz wide-bandwidth balanced photodetector for high-baud-rate PSK signal detection.

Optics express·2026

Same author

Allergy-Aware Protocol for Blenderized Tube Feeding Initiation in Children With Severe Motor and Intellectual Disability.

Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society·2026

Same author

Long-Term Survival of Right Ventricular Cardiac Metastasis From Colon Cancer Causing Outflow Tract Obstruction.

JACC. Case reports·2026

Same author

Physiological and Subjective Measures Associated with Withdrawal from Intravenous Sedation in Dental Phobia: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026

Same author

Chemotherapy resistance due to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is caused by abnormal lipid metabolic balance.

eLife·2026

Same author

[Treatment with Lenvatinib in a Patient with Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Obstructive Jaundice-A Case Report].

Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Non-invasive Optical Measurement of Cerebral Metabolism and Hemodynamics in Infants

Non-invasive Optical Measurement of Cerebral Metabolism and Hemodynamics in Infants

Published on: March 14, 2013

Temporal brain metabolite changes in preterm infants with normal development.

Sachiko Tanifuji¹, Manami Akasaka¹, Atsushi Kamei¹

¹Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Japan.

Brain & Development

|November 14, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Brain metabolite levels, including gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), change over time in preterm infants. This study tracked these changes, providing normative data for brain development in this vulnerable population.

Keywords:

Brain metabolites Magnetic resonance spectroscopy Preterm infants

More Related Videos

Preterm EEG: A Multimodal Neurophysiological Protocol

Preterm EEG: A Multimodal Neurophysiological Protocol

Published on: February 18, 2012

Early Pathological and Magnetic Resonance Detection of Cerebral Injury Using a Rat Model of Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy

Early Pathological and Magnetic Resonance Detection of Cerebral Injury Using a Rat Model of Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy

Published on: October 28, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Non-invasive Optical Measurement of Cerebral Metabolism and Hemodynamics in Infants

Non-invasive Optical Measurement of Cerebral Metabolism and Hemodynamics in Infants

Published on: March 14, 2013

Preterm EEG: A Multimodal Neurophysiological Protocol

Preterm EEG: A Multimodal Neurophysiological Protocol

Published on: February 18, 2012

Early Pathological and Magnetic Resonance Detection of Cerebral Injury Using a Rat Model of Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy

Early Pathological and Magnetic Resonance Detection of Cerebral Injury Using a Rat Model of Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy

Published on: October 28, 2022

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Biology
Medical Imaging

Background:

Preterm infants face risks for neurodevelopmental disorders like epilepsy and autism spectrum disorders.
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) dysfunction is implicated in these conditions, but its temporal changes in preterm infants remain unstudied.
Understanding brain metabolite dynamics is crucial for assessing neurodevelopmental trajectories.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate temporal changes in brain metabolites, including GABA, in normally developing preterm infants.
To establish normative reference values for key brain metabolites during early development.
To utilize advanced magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques for precise metabolite quantification.

Main Methods:

Single-voxel 3-Tesla (3T) proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-MRS) was employed.
Measurements were taken at two time points: 37-46 postmenstrual weeks (PMWs) and 64-73 PMWs.
GABA was quantified using the MEGA-PRESS method, while other metabolites (NAA, Glx, Cr, Cho, Ins) were measured using the PRESS method, with LCModel for analysis.

Main Results:

The GABA/Creatine (Cr) ratio significantly decreased between the two measurement periods (p=0.03).
Ratios of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA)/Cr and Glutamate-Glutamine (Glx)/Cr increased significantly (p<0.01), while Choline (Cho)/Cr and myo-inositol (Ins)/Cr ratios decreased significantly (p<0.01).
Absolute concentrations of NAA, Glx, and Cr increased significantly, while Ins decreased significantly (p<0.01).

Conclusions:

This study provides novel insights into the normative development of brain metabolites in preterm infants.
The observed temporal changes in GABA and other metabolites offer a baseline for future research.
These findings contribute to a better understanding of brain maturation in the context of preterm birth.