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The Modern Metabolic Stone Evaluation in Children
Mark Bevill1, Ambika Kattula1, Christopher S Cooper1
1Department of Urology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.
Urology
|November 14, 2016
Summary
Pediatric kidney stones are increasingly common. Contemporary children with their first stone show fewer genetic causes but more low urine volume and hypocitraturia, indicating changing metabolic factors.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nephrology
- Urology
- Metabolic Disorders
Background:
- Pediatric nephrolithiasis incidence is rising.
- Etiologies of pediatric kidney stones may be evolving.
Purpose of the Study:
- Evaluate metabolic abnormalities in children after their first kidney stone.
- Identify changes in stone formation causes.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of 113 children (2000-2014) with first kidney stone.
- Comparison of demographics, serum chemistry, and 24-hour urine analysis.
Main Results:
- Low incidence of underlying genetic/systemic diseases (14%).
- Common 24-hour urine abnormalities: low urine volume (89%), hypocitraturia (68%).
- Hypercalciuria was rare (11%).
Conclusions:
- Modern pediatric stones have a lower rate of genetic/systemic disease and more idiopathic cases.
- Findings suggest a shift towards low urine volume and hypocitraturia as key metabolic factors.
- Contemporary pediatric stone disease exhibits different metabolic profiles than historical cohorts.
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