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Refractive errors.

Ulrich Schiefer1, Christina Kraus, Peter Baumbach

  • 1Aalen University of Applied Sciences, Competence Center Vision Research, Study Program Ophthalmic Optics; Department of Ophthalmology, T¨bingen University Hospital, T¨bingen.

Deutsches Arzteblatt International
|November 15, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Refractive errors like myopia and astigmatism are common, affecting 70% of German adults. Simple tests can quickly identify these correctable vision problems, distinguishing them from more serious conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Refractive errors are prevalent, treatable visual disturbances globally.
  • Ametropias affect nearly 70% of adults in Germany, highlighting their epidemiological and socio-economic significance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology and clinical evaluation of refractive errors.
  • To emphasize the importance of simple diagnostic tests for visual impairments.

Main Methods:

  • Selective literature search using terms: ametropia, anisometropia, refraction, visual acuity, and epidemiology.
  • Review of clinical experience and pertinent articles.

Main Results:

  • In 2011, 63.4% of Germans over 16 wore eyeglasses, 5.3% wore contact lenses, and 31% used no visual aids.
  • Refractive errors were the most common reason for ophthalmologist visits (21.1%).
  • Pinhole apertures are effective for diagnosing visual impairment due to optical factors, including myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, anisometropia, and presbyopia.

Conclusions:

  • Simple functional tests enable rapid, easy, and safe clinical determination of benign, correctable visual impairments.
  • These tests help differentiate correctable refractive errors from more severe underlying causes of vision loss.