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Sex Differences in the Cerebral Collateral Circulation.

James E Faber1, Scott M Moore2, Jennifer L Lucitti3

  • 1Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. jefaber@med.unc.edu.

Translational Stroke Research
|November 16, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Female mice show smaller cerebral infarcts than males, but this protection isn't linked to differences in collateral blood vessel extent or remodeling. Sex does not influence collateral vessel rarefaction, except in hypertensive females.

Keywords:
Ischemic strokeLeptomeningeal collateralsPosterior communicating arteryRisk factorsSex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Premenopausal women and female rodents exhibit smaller cerebral infarcts than males.
  • Sex-dependent differences contribute to stroke outcomes, but mechanisms remain unclear.
  • Collateral blood vessel extent influences infarct volume and is affected by genetics, age, and comorbidities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sex differences in the extent of pial collateral arterioles and posterior communicating collateral arteries (PComAs).
  • To determine if sex influences collateral vessel remodeling or rarefaction in response to aging, obesity, hypertension, and ischemic stroke.
  • To clarify the role of collateral circulation in sex differences in cerebral infarction.

Main Methods:

  • Meta-analysis of existing data combined with new experiments in genetically diverse mice (young, aged, obese, hypertensive).
  • Assessment of pial collateral arteriole and PComA extent using established methodologies.
  • Quantification of collateral rarefaction and remodeling following permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO).

Main Results:

  • Female mice of C57BL/6J and BALB/cByJ strains sustained smaller infarcts than males after permanent MCA occlusion.
  • Collateral extent, PComA extent, and primary cerebral artery extent did not differ between sexes across various conditions.
  • No significant sex dimorphism was observed in collateral rarefaction due to aging, obesity, or hypertension, though females with hypertension showed greater rarefaction.

Conclusions:

  • Smaller infarct volumes in female mice are not attributable to greater collateral vessel extent or remodeling.
  • Sex does not inherently influence collateral vessel rarefaction, challenging previous assumptions.
  • Hypertension exacerbates collateral rarefaction more significantly in females, suggesting a complex interaction.