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Stem Cell Marker Expression in Persistent Apical Periodontitis.

Carlos Estrela1, Brunno Santos Freitas Silva1, Júlio A Silva1

  • 1Department of Stomatologic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.

Journal of Endodontics
|November 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary

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Mesenchymal stem cells (CD90) and progenitor stem cells (Sox2) were evaluated in persistent apical periodontitis (PAP) and primary periapical lesions (PPLs). CD90 was significantly higher in PAP, suggesting stem cell contributions to periapical disease.

Area of Science:

  • Oral biology
  • Immunology
  • Stem cell research

Background:

  • Persistent apical periodontitis (PAP) and primary periapical lesions (PPLs) are inflammatory conditions.
  • Understanding the cellular components of these lesions is crucial for treatment.
  • Stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and progenitor stem cells, are implicated in tissue repair and inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the expression of CD90 (mesenchymal stem cell marker) and Sox2 (progenitor stem cell marker) in PAP and PPLs.
  • To correlate the expression of these markers with histopathological findings and inflammatory infiltrate intensity.
  • To investigate potential differences in stem cell marker expression between PAP and PPLs.

Main Methods:

  • Histological classification of periapical lesions based on inflammatory cell infiltrate intensity.
Keywords:
Apical periodontitisCD90Sox2mesenchymal stem cellspersistent apical periodontitisprogenitor stem cells

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  • Immunohistochemical detection of CD90 and Sox2 in PAP (n=16) and PPLs (n=10) samples.
  • Statistical analysis using Spearman correlation and Mann-Whitney U tests at a 5% significance level.

    • Main Results:

    • CD90 expression was observed in mesenchymal and vascular endothelial cells in 68.5% of PAP cases and 30% of PPLs.
    • CD90 expression was significantly higher in PAP compared to PPLs (P < .05).
    • Sox2 expression was found in all PAP and PPL samples, present in mesenchymal and inflammatory cells, with no significant difference between the groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Mesenchymal stem cells (CD90+) may contribute to the immunosuppressive microenvironment in persistent apical periodontitis.
    • Distinct stem cell sources might be associated with the chronic nature of PAP and the development of PPLs.
    • Sox2 expression indicates the presence of progenitor cells in both lesion types, but without significant differences between PAP and PPLs.