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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

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Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
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Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

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Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
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Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

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AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
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Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

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The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
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Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention01:27

Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention

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Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...
514
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

723
Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models
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Endemic bladder calculi in children.

Neveen A Soliman1, S Adibul Hasan Rizvi2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Center of Pediatric Nephrology & Transplantation, Kasr Al Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. nsoliman@kasralainy.edu.eg.

Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany)
|November 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric bladder stones (vesical calculi) are increasingly common, especially in developing nations. Nutritional deficiencies, particularly low animal protein intake, are a key cause of endemic bladder stones in children.

Keywords:
Bladder calculiDehydrationEndemic stone beltMalnutrition

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Urology
  • Nephrology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Urinary bladder stones (vesical calculi) are increasingly diagnosed in pediatric populations.
  • The urinary bladder is the most common lower urinary tract site for stone formation.
  • Incidence has decreased in developed nations due to improved nutrition and socioeconomic factors, but remains high in developing nations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the classification, causes, and trends of bladder calculi in children.
  • To highlight the impact of nutritional factors on endemic bladder calculi.
  • To emphasize the need for preventive and treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pediatric bladder calculi.
  • Analysis of etiological factors, including nutrition and socioeconomic conditions.
  • Categorization of bladder calculi into primary idiopathic/endemic, secondary, and migrant types.

Main Results:

  • Primary idiopathic/endemic bladder calculi in children are often linked to diets deficient in animal proteins.
  • These stones form in the absence of urinary tract infection, stasis, or foreign bodies.
  • Significant decline in developed nations contrasted with persistent high rates in developing nations.

Conclusions:

  • Dietary factors, especially low animal protein intake, are crucial in endemic pediatric bladder calculi.
  • Urgent need for comprehensive prevention and treatment strategies in developing nations.
  • Improving quality of life for affected children and reducing disease incidence are key goals.