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Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Monitoring PD-1-Blocking Antibodies Bound to T Cells Derived from a Drop of Peripheral Blood
Published on: February 5, 2020
Immune-Related Adverse Events Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Daphne Day1,2,3, Aaron R Hansen4,5
1Bras Drug Development Program, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Avenue, Suite, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada.
Abstract:
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including antibodies targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), have shown durable treatment responses in multiple tumor types by enhancing antitumor immunity. However, removal of self-tolerance can induce autoimmunity and produce a unique immune-driven toxicity profile, termed immune-related adverse events (irAEs). As ICIs gain approval for a growing number of indications, it is imperative clinicians increase their knowledge of and ability to manage irAEs. This review examines the etiology, presentation, kinetics, and treatment of irAEs and aims to provide practical guidance for clinicians.
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