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Diabetes mellitus in childhood: an emerging condition in the 21st century

Thais Della Manna1, Nuvarte Setian2, Roberta Diaz Savoldelli3

  • 1PhD in Sciences from Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992)
|November 17, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Type 1 diabetes (DM1) affects over 30,900 Brazilian children, with numbers rising annually. Effective coping strategies and family-centered self-management education are crucial for managing this growing public health challenge.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) is an immuno-mediated disease with increasing prevalence in Brazilian children.
  • Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the gradual destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to DM1.
  • The International Diabetes Federation (IDF-2015) estimates over 30,900 children under 15 in Brazil have DM1, with a projected annual increase of 3.0%.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review meta-analyses and update pediatric diabetes literature.
  • To highlight the urgent need for strategic planning to address the rising incidence of pediatric DM1.
  • To emphasize the importance of self-management education for affected children and families.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on meta-analyses and pediatric diabetes updates.
  • Analysis of predictive criteria for DM1 onset, including autoantibodies and metabolic tests.
  • Examination of risk factors for chronic complications and strategies for beta cell preservation.

Main Results:

  • DM1 onset can be predicted by seroconversion to autoantibodies and metabolic test abnormalities.
  • Good metabolic control is essential for preserving beta cell function.
  • Disease duration and hyperglycemia are key risk factors for chronic vascular complications.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive continuing education programs are vital for training healthcare teams in pediatric diabetes management.
  • Empowering young patients and their families with diabetes self-management skills is paramount.
  • Proactive planning and support strategies are necessary to manage the growing public health issue of pediatric DM1.

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