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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes01:28

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The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Using Gold-standard Gait Analysis Methods to Assess Experience Effects on Lower-limb Mechanics During Moderate High-heeled Jogging and Running
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External rotation elastic bands at the lower limb decrease rearfoot eversion during walking: a preliminary proof of

Thales R Souza1, Vanessa L Araújo1, Paula L Silva2

  • 1Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.

Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy
|November 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary

External rotation elastic bands effectively reduced rearfoot eversion during walking in healthy participants. Both low and high stiffness bands decreased eversion, with no significant difference between stiffness levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Kinesiology
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Reducing rearfoot eversion is crucial for preventing and treating musculoskeletal dysfunction.
  • External rotation interventions for the lower limb show potential for decreasing rearfoot eversion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of external rotation elastic bands of varying stiffness on rearfoot eversion during walking.
  • To test the hypothesis that elastic bands decrease rearfoot eversion, with greater stiffness yielding greater reduction.

Main Methods:

  • Three-dimensional kinematic analysis of the rearfoot and shank in seventeen healthy participants.
  • Participants walked on a treadmill with and without low- and high-stiffness external rotation bands.
  • Repeated-measures ANOVAs analyzed frontal-plane rearfoot-shank kinematics during the stance phase.

Main Results:

  • Both low- and high-stiffness bands significantly decreased rearfoot eversion and eversion peak compared to the control condition.
  • Both band types reduced the eversion-inversion range of motion by decreasing eversion.
  • No significant differences in eversion reduction were found between the high- and low-stiffness bands.

Conclusions:

  • External rotation elastic bands effectively decrease rearfoot eversion during walking.
  • This study provides preliminary evidence that increasing external rotation moments can reduce rearfoot eversion.
  • Further research is needed to validate these findings and explore clinical applications.