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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever01:26

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.
Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Chickenpox01:20

Chickenpox

Chickenpox is an acute, highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Herpesviridae family. Its transmission occurs primarily through the inhalation of respiratory droplets or direct contact with vesicular fluid from skin lesions. The incubation period typically ranges from 10 to 21 days, during which the virus replicates and disseminates through sequential phases within the host. Although generally self-limiting in children,...
Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...

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Measles in Poland in 2014

Iwona Paradowska-Stankiewicz1, Justyna Rogalska2

  • 1National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene in Warsaw, Department of Epidemiology

Przeglad Epidemiologiczny
|November 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Poland

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Virology

Background:

  • Poland participates in the WHO Measles Elimination Program since 1998.
  • Program requires high vaccine coverage (>95%), case reporting, and laboratory confirmation.
  • Laboratory confirmation involves measles IgM antibody testing (ELISA) or PCR for viral RNA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Assess the 2014 measles epidemiological situation in Poland.
  • Evaluate vaccination coverage and Measles Elimination Program implementation.
  • Analyze trends in measles cases and surveillance sensitivity.

Main Methods:

  • Descriptive analysis of mandatory surveillance data from 2014.
  • Utilized measles case-based reports and published annual bulletins.

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  • Data sourced from Sanitary-Epidemiological Stations and NIPH-NIH.

    • Main Results:

    • 110 measles cases in 2014 (incidence 0.29/100,000), an increase from 2013.
    • 79% of cases were laboratory-confirmed; highest incidence in 1-year-olds.
    • Vaccination coverage ranged from 77.7% to 94.8%, below the 95% target.

    Conclusions:

    • Measles epidemiological situation worsened in 2014 compared to 2013.
    • Surveillance sensitivity improved but remains insufficient.
    • Continued promotion of the Measles Elimination Program and high immunization coverage are crucial.