[Age-related coronary risk factors in Chinese patients with acute myocardial infarction]
1Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
Insights
Younger acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients exhibit unhealthy lifestyle factors like smoking and obesity, while older patients show higher rates of hypertension and diabetes. Risk factors for AMI vary significantly across different age groups in China.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) poses a significant health burden globally.
- Understanding age-specific risk factors is crucial for targeted prevention and treatment strategies.
- Chinese population data on age-related AMI risk factors remain under-explored.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate and delineate age-related cardiovascular risk factors in Chinese patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
- To identify distinct risk factor profiles across various age demographics within the AMI patient cohort.
Main Methods:
- A large-scale retrospective study involving 24,394 consecutive AMI patients from 107 hospitals across 31 Chinese provinces (2013-2014).
- Patients were stratified into five age groups: <45, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74, and ≥75 years.
- Comparison of cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension, diabetes, smoking, obesity, and family history across the age strata.
Main Results:
- Younger AMI patients (<45 years) were predominantly male and exhibited higher prevalence of smoking, overweight/obesity, and hyperglycemia.
- Older AMI patients (≥75 years) showed increased ratios of female gender, hypertension, and diabetes, with diabetes peaking in the 65-74 age group.
- Prevalence of male gender, overweight/obesity, smoking, dyslipidemia, and family history of premature coronary artery disease decreased with advancing age.
Conclusions:
- Significant variations in cardiovascular risk factors exist among different age groups of AMI patients in China.
- Younger AMI patients are characterized by lifestyle-related risk factors, underscoring the need for early intervention.
- Hypertension and diabetes become more prevalent risk factors in older AMI patient populations.
Abstract:
Objective: To determine the age-related coronary risk factors in Chinese patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: Among 31 provinces, municipalities or autonomous districts in China, from January 1st 2013 to September 30th 2014, 24 394 consecutive AMI patients who were admitted to 107 hospitals were divided into five groups according to age. Cardiovascular risk factors of groupⅠ (<45 years, n=2 307), group Ⅱ (45-54 years, n=4 448), group Ⅲ (55-64 years, n=7 029), group Ⅳ (65-74 years, n=6 147) and group Ⅴ (≥75 years, n=4 463) patients were compared. Results: Among 24 394 AMI patients [with a mean age of (62.2±13.8) years, 18 162 males], 24.7% patients had three and more conventional modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was diagnosed in 18 209 (74.6%) patients. The ratios of female, hypertension and diabetes tended to increase with the increase of age. Young AMI patients were predisposed to smoking, overweight/obesity and hyperglycemia. Nearly 90% patients in group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ were male. The ratio of male patients (92.3% to 58.0%), overweight/obesity (63.9% to 37.4%), current smoking (68.7% to 19.8%), dyslipidemia (9.1% to 4.5%), family history of premature coronary artery disease (CAD) (6.2% to 1.2%) and eating greasy food (86.1% to 66.2%) decreased markedly from group Ⅰ to Ⅴ patients. Proportion of hypertension gradually increased from 34.3% in group Ⅰ patients to 57.9% in group Ⅴ patients. Diabetes was most common to group Ⅳ (65-74 years) patients. Conclusion: There were different risk factors for AMI patients in different age groups, and young AMI patients were predisposed to live an unhealthy lifestyle.
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