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Thyroid hormone regulated genes in cerebral cortex development.

Juan Bernal1

  • 1Instituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain jbernal@iib.uam.es.

The Journal of Endocrinology
|November 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) significantly impacts cerebral cortex development by regulating gene expression. T3 sensitivity increases during fetal development, targeting specific neurons and influencing cell migration and signaling pathways.

Keywords:
braindevelopmentfetusgene expressionthyroid hormone metabolism

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones, primarily triiodothyronine (T3), are crucial for physiological and developmental processes.
  • T3 exerts its effects by controlling gene expression through nuclear receptors.
  • Understanding T3's role in cerebral cortex development requires identifying T3-regulated genes during specific developmental stages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the specific roles of T3-regulated genes in human cerebral cortex development.
  • To correlate T3's effects with developmental changes in thyroid hormone and receptor concentrations.
  • To identify cellular targets and molecular mechanisms of T3 action during fetal development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of previously identified T3-regulated genes in primary cerebrocortical cells.
  • Comparison of gene expression data with transcriptomics of purified developing cortical cell types.
  • Analysis of T3-regulated genes within the context of fetal thyroid hormone and receptor dynamics.

Main Results:

  • T3 sensitivity in the human cerebral cortex increases during the second trimester of fetal development.
  • Cajal-Retzius cells and subplate neurons are identified as primary cellular targets of T3.
  • T3 transcriptionally regulates genes involved in extracellular matrix formation, cell migration, and signaling pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid hormones play a critical role in orchestrating cerebral cortex development.
  • Specific neuronal populations and molecular processes are modulated by T3 during critical developmental windows.
  • The findings provide insights into the neurodevelopmental impact of thyroid hormone signaling.