Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Unsymmetric Bending01:18

Unsymmetric Bending

921
Unsymmetrical bending occurs when the bending moment applied to a structural member does not align with its principal axis. This misalignment leads to complex stress distributions and deflection patterns that differ from those in symmetrical bending, and are essential for designing structures to withstand different loading conditions. In unsymmetrical bending, the neutral axis—where stress is zero—does not necessarily align with the geometric axes of the cross-section. The...
921
Unsymmetric Bending - Angle of Neutral Axis01:15

Unsymmetric Bending - Angle of Neutral Axis

941
Unsymmetrical bending occurs when a structural member is subjected to bending moments in a plane that does not align with the member's principal axes. This scenario typically arises in beams and other structural components when loads are applied at non-ideal angles, introducing complexities in stress analysis.
When a bending moment is applied at an angle θ concerning the vertical axis of a symmetrical member, it can be resolved into components along the member's principal...
941
Bending and Torsional Moments01:20

Bending and Torsional Moments

6.2K
Bending and torsional moments are two fundamental concepts in structural engineering. They play an important role in understanding the behavior of materials and structures under different loading conditions.
The reaction developed in a structural element when subjected to an external force causes the element to bend. When a structural element bends upwards, it creates compressive normal forces on the top and tensile normal forces on the bottom, resulting in a couple that determines the bending...
6.2K
Bending of Members Made of Several Materials01:11

Bending of Members Made of Several Materials

661
In analyzing a structural member composed of two different materials with identical cross-sectional areas, it is crucial to understand how their distinct elastic properties affect the member's response under load. The analysis involves assessing stress and strain distributions using the transformed section concept, which accounts for variations in material properties.
Hooke's Law determines stress in each material, stating that stress is proportional to strain but varies due to each material's...
661
Bending of Material: Problem Solving01:09

Bending of Material: Problem Solving

620
In this lesson, determine the ratio of the maximum bending moments applied to two metal pipes, given that both pipes can withstand a maximum stress of 100 MPa. Both pipes have an outer radius of 1.8 cm. Pipe A has an inner radius of 1.5 cm, and Pipe B has an inner radius of 1 cm. The ratio of the maximum bending moment applied to two metallic pipes, each with a different inner and outer radius, is determined by considering their dimensions. The inner radius of the first pipe is 1.5 cm, and for...
620
Ferrocement01:30

Ferrocement

886
Ferro-cement is a distinctive construction material that represents an innovative variant of reinforced concrete, characterized by its unique composition and the method by which it is formed. Unlike standard reinforced concrete, which relies on larger steel bars for reinforcement, ferro-cement utilizes densely packed layers of mesh or fine rods, fully encased in cement mortar. This composition allows for the creation of structures that are significantly thinner and more flexible than their...
886

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Understanding mammal avoidance of human settlements.

The Journal of animal ecology·2026
Same author

Nest building as a missing piece in biparental care.

Biology letters·2026
Same author

Interacting effects of human presence and landscape modification on birds and mammals.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Advancing equity in collaborative research: reflections from the Cultural Evolution Society Transformation Fund.

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences·2026
Same author

Temporal dynamics and policy implications in an innovation arms race.

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences·2026
Same author

Honey-hunting with honeyguides in northern Ghana: cultural continuity amid change.

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 12, 2026

The Innovation Arena: A Method for Comparing Innovative Problem-Solving Across Groups
14:14

The Innovation Arena: A Method for Comparing Innovative Problem-Solving Across Groups

Published on: May 13, 2022

6.4K

Tool bending in New Caledonian crows.

Christian Rutz1, Shoko Sugasawa1, Jessica E M van der Wal1

  • 1Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology , University of St Andrews , St Andrews KY16 9TH , UK.

Royal Society Open Science
|November 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New Caledonian crows naturally bend wire into tools for foraging. Field experiments confirm this behavior, offering insights into animal cognition and tool use.

Keywords:
Corvus moneduloidescomparative cognitioninnovationinsightintelligencetool use

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Streamlined Brain and Skull Modeling for Enhanced Neurosurgical Planning in NHP Research
06:33

Author Spotlight: Streamlined Brain and Skull Modeling for Enhanced Neurosurgical Planning in NHP Research

Published on: February 9, 2024

1.8K
Cantilever Bending of Murine Femoral Necks
06:44

Cantilever Bending of Murine Femoral Necks

Published on: January 5, 2022

2.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 12, 2026

The Innovation Arena: A Method for Comparing Innovative Problem-Solving Across Groups
14:14

The Innovation Arena: A Method for Comparing Innovative Problem-Solving Across Groups

Published on: May 13, 2022

6.4K
Author Spotlight: Streamlined Brain and Skull Modeling for Enhanced Neurosurgical Planning in NHP Research
06:33

Author Spotlight: Streamlined Brain and Skull Modeling for Enhanced Neurosurgical Planning in NHP Research

Published on: February 9, 2024

1.8K
Cantilever Bending of Murine Femoral Necks
06:44

Cantilever Bending of Murine Femoral Necks

Published on: January 5, 2022

2.5K

Area of Science:

  • Animal behavior
  • Cognitive ethology
  • Avian intelligence

Background:

  • New Caledonian crows are known for sophisticated tool use.
  • A crow named 'Betty' famously bent wire into a hook spontaneously.
  • The cognitive mechanisms behind this behavior were previously unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the natural occurrence of tool bending in New Caledonian crows.
  • To provide ecological context for Betty's iconic tool-making behavior.
  • To explore the role of natural history observations in understanding animal cognition.

Main Methods:

  • Field experiments were conducted with New Caledonian crows.
  • Naturalistic observations of tool manipulation and modification were recorded.
  • Behavioral repertoire analysis focused on tool use and bending.

Main Results:

  • Tool bending was confirmed as a natural behavior in the species.
  • Field observations provide context for Betty's wire-bending.
  • The study demonstrates tool modification in a natural setting.

Conclusions:

  • Tool bending is an ingrained behavior in New Caledonian crows.
  • Naturalistic data is crucial for interpreting complex cognitive feats.
  • This research bridges field observations and laboratory studies of animal cognition.