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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Epigenetics: ambiguities and implications.

Karola Stotz1, Paul Griffiths2

  • 1Department of Philosophy, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia. karola.stotz@mq.edu.au.

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences
|November 18, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This paper clarifies the diverse meanings of epigenetics, highlighting its crucial roles in development, heredity, and evolution. Understanding epigenetics offers insights into gene-environment interactions and potential medical applications.

Keywords:
EpigenesisEpigenetic inheritanceEpigeneticsExogenetic inheritanceGenetic accommodationGenetic assimilation

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Medical Science

Background:

  • The term 'epigenetics' is widely recognized but lacks a unified definition among researchers.
  • Contemporary research reveals multiple, distinct meanings of epigenetics.
  • These varied interpretations have significant implications across biological and medical fields.

Observation:

  • Epigenetics influences development, demonstrating a genome's responsiveness to environmental cues.
  • Epigenetic and exogenetic inheritance systems are vital for phenotype construction.
  • Modern molecular epigenetics is realizing Waddington's original vision from the 1940s.

Findings:

  • Four key contemporary interpretations of epigenetics are presented.
  • Epigenetics impacts development by linking a reactive genome to environmental factors.
  • Epigenetic inheritance mechanisms are crucial for understanding heredity and phenotype development.

Implications:

  • Epigenetics has significant implications for understanding development, heredity, and evolution.
  • The field offers new perspectives for medical research and treatment strategies.
  • Epigenetics provides a framework for resolving the nature/nurture debate.