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Immunization of Adult Zebrafish for the Preclinical Screening of DNA-based Vaccines
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Does Herd Immunity Exist in Aquatic Animals?

Isaac F Standish1, Travis O Brenden2, Mohamed Faisal3,4

  • 1Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. standi13@msu.edu.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|November 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vaccinating muskellunge against Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus genotype IVb (VHSV-IVb) may protect unvaccinated fish through cohabitation. This suggests potential herd immunity in fish populations against VHSV-IVb.

Keywords:
DNA vaccinefishherd immunitymuskellunge

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Area of Science:

  • Aquatic Animal Health
  • Fish Immunology
  • Disease Ecology

Background:

  • Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus genotype IVb (VHSV-IVb) is a significant pathogen in the Laurentian Great Lakes.
  • A DNA vaccine targeting the VHSV-IVb glycoprotein (G) gene has shown efficacy in muskellunge and salmonids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if VHSV-IVb-immunized muskellunge can confer protection to unvaccinated (naïve) muskellunge through cohabitation.
  • To assess the potential for herd immunity against VHSV-IVb in fish.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental setup involved flow-through tanks where water from VHSV-IVb-infected muskellunge tanks supplied naïve muskellunge tanks.
  • Mortality rates of naïve muskellunge were compared between groups cohabiting with vaccinated fish and those housed alone.
  • Anti-VHSV antibody levels in vaccinated fish were measured in both cohabiting and isolated groups.

Main Results:

  • Naïve muskellunge cohabiting with VHSV-IVb-immunized muskellunge exhibited significantly lower cumulative mortality (36.5%) compared to naïve fish housed alone (80.2%).
  • Vaccinated muskellunge cohabiting with naïve fish showed increased anti-VHSV antibody levels compared to vaccinated fish housed alone.
  • Lower viable VHSV-IVb concentrations were detected in surviving naïve muskellunge housed with vaccinated individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Cohabitation with VHSV-IVb-vaccinated muskellunge provides a protective effect to naïve fish, indicating a potential for herd immunity.
  • Increased antibody production in vaccinated fish cohabiting with susceptible individuals may contribute to this protective effect.
  • These findings offer initial evidence for herd immunity against fish pathogens like VHSV-IVb.