Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

247
In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
247
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow01:26

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

307
Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug...
307
Drug Toxicity: Overview01:00

Drug Toxicity: Overview

114
Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
114
Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions01:16

Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

103
Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...
103
Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

99
Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
99
Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction01:30

Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction

208
Drug–drug interactions can precipitate toxicity through multiple mechanisms. Absorption interactions alter how drugs enter the body, exemplified when ranitidine increases the absorption of basic drugs, while cholestyramine decreases the levels of propranolol. Protein binding interactions occur when drugs share the same binding sites on plasma proteins. Drugs like aspirin and warfarin, when bound in excess, can lead to increased free drug concentrations, enhancing the potential for...
208

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[From Molecuar to Natural Medicine].

Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)·2018
Same author

Influence of the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent on firstline treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)·2013
Same author

Selenium levels in patients with hepatitis C virus-related chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma: a pilot study.

Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)·2012
Same author

Diarrhea predicts a positive response to sorafenib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)·2012
Same author

Immunobiology of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Langenbeck's archives of surgery·2011
Same author

Lack of ex vivo peripheral and intrahepatic α-fetoprotein-specific CD4+ responses in hepatocellular carcinoma.

International journal of cancer·2010

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Human Liver Microphysiological System for Assessing Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity In Vitro
11:06

Human Liver Microphysiological System for Assessing Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity In Vitro

Published on: January 31, 2022

5.5K

[Drug induced liver injury].

Hans Christian Spangenberg

    Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
    |November 18, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) affects 14-20 per 100,000 people. Prompt diagnosis involves patient history and ruling out other liver conditions, with antibiotics and analgesics being common culprits.

    Area of Science:

    • Hepatology
    • Clinical Pharmacology
    • Toxicology

    Background:

    • Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) presents a significant clinical challenge with an incidence of 14-20 cases per 100,000 population.
    • Accurate diagnosis of DILI relies heavily on detailed patient history (anamnesis) and the systematic exclusion of alternative causes of liver damage.
    • Commonly implicated drug classes include antibiotics and analgesics, highlighting the need for vigilance in their prescription and monitoring.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To emphasize the diagnostic criteria for DILI.
    • To identify the most frequent drug classes associated with DILI.
    • To underscore the critical importance of early identification and withdrawal of the causative agent in managing DILI.

    Main Methods:

    • Diagnostic review based on anamnesis.

    More Related Videos

    Inducing Acute Liver Injury in Rats via Carbon Tetrachloride CCl4 Exposure Through an Orogastric Tube
    06:12

    Inducing Acute Liver Injury in Rats via Carbon Tetrachloride CCl4 Exposure Through an Orogastric Tube

    Published on: April 28, 2020

    12.1K
    Induction of Drug-Induced, Autoimmune Hepatitis in BALB/c Mice for the Study of Its Pathogenic Mechanisms
    11:36

    Induction of Drug-Induced, Autoimmune Hepatitis in BALB/c Mice for the Study of Its Pathogenic Mechanisms

    Published on: May 29, 2020

    3.5K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Mar 12, 2026

    Human Liver Microphysiological System for Assessing Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity In Vitro
    11:06

    Human Liver Microphysiological System for Assessing Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity In Vitro

    Published on: January 31, 2022

    5.5K
    Inducing Acute Liver Injury in Rats via Carbon Tetrachloride CCl4 Exposure Through an Orogastric Tube
    06:12

    Inducing Acute Liver Injury in Rats via Carbon Tetrachloride CCl4 Exposure Through an Orogastric Tube

    Published on: April 28, 2020

    12.1K
    Induction of Drug-Induced, Autoimmune Hepatitis in BALB/c Mice for the Study of Its Pathogenic Mechanisms
    11:36

    Induction of Drug-Induced, Autoimmune Hepatitis in BALB/c Mice for the Study of Its Pathogenic Mechanisms

    Published on: May 29, 2020

    3.5K
  • Differential diagnosis to exclude other hepatopathies.
  • Epidemiological data review on drug-related liver injury.

    • Main Results:

    • DILI incidence estimated at 14-20 per 100,000 inhabitants.
    • Antibiotics and analgesics identified as leading causes of DILI.
    • Successful management hinges on prompt identification and cessation of the offending drug.

    Conclusions:

    • DILI diagnosis requires thorough patient history and exclusion of other liver diseases.
    • Awareness of common causative agents like antibiotics and analgesics is crucial for healthcare providers.
    • Timely withdrawal of the implicated drug is the cornerstone of effective DILI treatment.