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Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults
Published on: February 2, 2020
Pain assessment tools for older adults with dementia in long-term care facilities: a systematic review
Selina Chow1, Ronald Chow1, Michael Lam1
1Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Room FG19, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
Aim:
The aim of this review is to document pain assessment tools used primarily for older adults in long-term care facilities and compare self-report and observer-rated tools.
Methods:
A literature search was conducted in Ovid MEDLINE®, Embase, Cochrane and PsycINFO. Keywords included 'dementia', 'pain management' and 'managing pain'.
Results:
Of 1033 references, 23 articles were selected for inclusion. Six tools were self-rated and 18 tools were administered by an observer. 13 studies evaluated the reliability/validity of their scales; four studies compared different scales against each other.
Conclusion:
Self-report should be the first-line approach when possible, with observational assessment used as a supplementary tool. Reliable observational tools have been shortened, and shown to maintain high reliability/validity, and positive psychometric properties.
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