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Related Experiment Videos

Cholera toxin promotes B cell isotype differentiation.

N Lycke1, W Strober

  • 1Mucosal Immunity Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Bethesda, MD 20892.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|June 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Cholera toxin (CT) drives B cells to switch antibody types. This powerful immunogen promotes differentiation from IgM-producing cells to IgG- and IgA-producing cells, independent of cAMP signaling.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cholera toxin (CT) is a known oral immunogen and adjuvant.
  • It elicits strong immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody responses.
  • The mechanism by which CT influences B cell isotype differentiation remains to be fully elucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of Cholera toxin (CT) on B cell isotype differentiation.
  • To determine if CT's adjuvant properties are linked to its influence on B cell isotype switching.
  • To elucidate the specific B cell populations and signaling pathways involved in CT-mediated isotype differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Treatment of normal LPS-induced Peyer's patch B cells with CT.
  • Analysis of B cell IgM, IgG, and IgA production using cell sorting.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Investigation of CT's effect on clonal B cell lines (CH12.LX and CH12.LX.A2).
  • Assessment of CT's impact on B cell proliferation and isotype expression intensity.

    • Main Results:

    • CT significantly inhibits IgM production while increasing IgG- and IgA-producing cells in normal B cells.
    • CT primarily acts on membrane IgM-positive (mIgM+), membrane IgG/IgA-negative (mIgG/mIgA-) B cells.
    • CT induces a decrease in mIgM expression and an increase in IgA+ cells in clonal B cell lines.
    • CT's effect on isotype differentiation is mimicked by its B subunit, suggesting cAMP-independent signaling.

    Conclusions:

    • Cholera toxin (CT) induces B cells to differentiate from IgM+ to IgG+ or IgA+ antibody-producing cells.
    • This isotype differentiation is not mediated by intracellular adenylate cyclase (cAMP) levels.
    • CT's B subunit alone can induce isotype switching, highlighting its role in this process.