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Updated: Mar 12, 2026
Quantification of Humic and Fulvic Acids in Humate Ores, DOC, Humified Materials and Humic Substance-Containing Commercial Products
Published on: March 18, 2022
Determination of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in honey, using headspace-solid-phase microextraction coupled with a
Marta I S Veríssimo1, José A F Gamelas2, Dmitry V Evtuguin3
1CICECO & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
Abstract:
High concentrations of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in honey provide an indication of overheating under inappropriate storage conditions or aging. Conventional methods for determining HMF are cumbersome and require expensive equipment or hazardous reagents. Hence the aim of this study was to propose a new analytical tool for HMF determination in honey, using a low cost acoustic wave sensor. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of honey samples were extracted, using the solid phase microextraction (SPME) technique, and HMF was quantified, using a piezoelectric quartz crystal with gold electrodes coated with a layer of decamolybdodivanado phosphoric acid, sensitive to HMF. The reliability of the proposed method was confirmed after comparing the results of HMF quantification with those obtained by the conventional spectrophotometric White method, and no statistical differences were found (α=0.05).
