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The biology of beta human papillomaviruses

Massimo Tommasino1

  • 1International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.

Virus Research
|November 19, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Beta human papillomavirus (HPV) types may contribute to non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) development, particularly in organ transplant recipients. Their oncoproteins may promote early carcinogenesis by enhancing UV radiation

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Beta genus comprises over 50 human papillomavirus (HPV) types implicated in non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) development alongside UV irradiation.
  • Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) patients with high susceptibility to beta HPV and NMSC identified HPV5 and HPV8.
  • Organ transplant recipients (OTRs) with compromised immunity exhibit increased NMSC risk, suggesting a role for beta HPV in non-EV patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of beta HPV types in skin carcinogenesis, particularly in non-EV patients like OTRs.
  • To explore the functional mechanisms of beta HPV oncoproteins in cellular transformation.
  • To understand how beta HPV may interact with other carcinogens, such as UV radiation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological studies on serological and viral DNA markers in NMSC patients (OTRs and general population).
  • Analysis of functional studies on E6 and E7 oncoproteins from beta HPV types.
  • Comparison of molecular mechanisms of beta HPV-induced transformation with mucosal high-risk HPV types.

Main Results:

  • Epidemiological data show a weak but significant association between beta HPV markers and NMSC history in OTRs and the general population.
  • Beta HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins can interfere with key pathways regulating cellular transformation, albeit through different mechanisms than mucosal HR HPV types.
  • Beta HPV may act in early carcinogenesis stages by potentiating the effects of carcinogens like UV radiation.

Conclusions:

  • Beta HPV types are potential contributors to NMSC development, especially in immunocompromised individuals.
  • The oncoproteins of beta HPV possess transforming capabilities, distinct from those of mucosal high-risk types.
  • Beta HPV's role in skin carcinogenesis may involve synergistic effects with environmental factors like UV radiation.
Keywords:
Beta HPV typesE6 and E7 oncoproteinsSkin cancerUV irradiation

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