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Cohort study of growth patterns by gestational age in preterm infants developing morbidity

S Klevebro1,2, P Lundgren3, U Hammar4

  • 1Clinical Sciences, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

BMJ Open
|November 19, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Postnatal growth patterns in preterm infants are linked to conditions like retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). These growth differences vary by gestational age at birth and the specific morbidity developed.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal intensive care
  • Pediatric growth studies
  • Perinatal medicine

Background:

  • Extremely preterm infants are at high risk for major morbidities.
  • Growth patterns in these infants can be affected by various health complications.
  • Understanding these associations is crucial for optimizing care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how growth patterns differ in preterm infants who develop significant morbidities.
  • To analyze the relationship between birth weight, postnatal weight gain, and specific neonatal complications.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study involving 2521 infants born between 23-30 weeks gestational age.
  • Data collected from neonatal intensive care units in the USA, Canada, and Swedish population-based cohorts.
  • Examination of birth weight and postnatal weight gain relative to gestational age and the development of ROP, BPD, NEC, and IVH.

Main Results:

  • Infants developing ROP and BPD (born 25-30 weeks GA) had lower birth weight SD scores and postnatal weights.
  • ROP was associated with reduced growth rates at specific postnatal periods, varying by GA group.
  • BPD (born 27-30 weeks GA) showed lower growth rates during weeks 3-5. NEC was linked to lower growth rates post-week 6.
  • Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) showed no significant association with prenatal or postnatal growth.

Conclusions:

  • Postnatal growth patterns in extremely preterm infants are significantly associated with the development of major morbidities like ROP, BPD, and NEC.
  • Gestational age at birth is a key factor influencing these growth patterns and their association with morbidities.
  • These findings highlight the complex interplay between early growth and neonatal complications.
Abstract

Keywords:
NEONATOLOGYPERINATOLOGY

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