Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Transmission Line Design Considerations01:23

Transmission Line Design Considerations

684
Aluminum has become the material of choice for overhead transmission lines, surpassing copper due to its abundance and cost-effectiveness. The most prevalent type is the aluminum conductor, steel-reinforced (ACSR), which combines aluminum strands around a steel core. Other variants include all-aluminum conductors (AAC), all-aluminum alloy conductors (AAAC), aluminum conductor alloy-reinforced (ACAR), and aluminum-clad steel conductors. Advanced designs, such as aluminum conductors with steel...
684
Sight Distance in a Vertical Curve01:29

Sight Distance in a Vertical Curve

449
Sight distance on vertical curves is critical in roadway design. It ensures drivers can see far enough ahead to identify and respond to hazards effectively. This directly impacts safety, driver comfort, and the overall efficiency of the transportation network.Vertical curves are classified into crest and sag curves based on their geometry. For crest curves, sight distance is determined by the line of sight between a driver's eye and a small object on the road's surface. Design parameters for...
449
The Wave Nature of Light02:12

The Wave Nature of Light

62.9K
The nature of light has been a subject of inquiry since antiquity. In the seventeenth century, Isaac Newton performed experiments with lenses and prisms and was able to demonstrate that white light consists of the individual colors of the rainbow combined together. Newton explained his optics findings in terms of a "corpuscular" view of light, in which light was composed of streams of extremely tiny particles traveling at high speeds according to Newton's laws of motion.
62.9K
Angle of Twist - Elastic Range01:13

Angle of Twist - Elastic Range

872
Consider a cylindrical shaft with a length denoted by L and a consistent cross-sectional radius referred to as r. This shaft undergoes a torque at the free end. The highest shearing strain within the shaft is directly proportional to the twist angle and the radial distance from the shaft axis. When the shaft behaves elastically, this shearing strain can be articulated using variables such as the applied torque, radial distance, the polar moment of inertia, and the modulus of rigidity. By...
872
Lossless Lines01:23

Lossless Lines

604
In electrical engineering, a lossless transmission line is characterized by a purely imaginary propagation constant and a resistive characteristic impedance. The ABCD parameters, which describe the relationship between the input and output voltages and currents, indicate an equivalent π circuit with an imaginary series impedance and a shunt admittance. This results in a transmission line that, when the product of the phase constant (beta) and the length of the line is less than pi, exhibits...
604
Lossy Lines and Overvoltages01:22

Lossy Lines and Overvoltages

379
Transmission-line series resistance and shunt conductance cause three primary effects: attenuation, distortion, and power losses.
Attenuation
When constant series resistance and shunt conductance are present, voltage and current equations are modified. The propagation constant indicates that voltage and current waves consist of both forward and backward traveling components. These waves attenuate as they propagate, with the attenuation factor related to the resistance and conductance. In a...
379

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Spatiotemporal structured light: introduction.

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision·2026
Same author

Multimode interface between optical free-space and waveguide modes.

Optics letters·2026
Same author

An Epsilon-Near-Zero-Based Nonlinear Platform for Ultrafast Re-Writable Holography.

Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany)·2026
Same author

A large-scale reconfigurable multiplexed quantum photonic network.

Nature photonics·2026
Same author

Subjective nature of path information in quantum mechanics.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Accuracy of fully automated iliac artery tortuosity measurements in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm using deep learning.

European journal of radiology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
09:43

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

10.4K

Twisted light transmission over 143 km.

Mario Krenn1,2, Johannes Handsteiner3,2, Matthias Fink2

  • 1Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; mario.krenn@univie.ac.at anton.zeilinger@univie.ac.at.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|November 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Researchers transmitted orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes of light over 143 km, a 50x increase in distance for free-space optical communication. This breakthrough enables long-distance quantum communication and information transfer.

Keywords:
atmospheric turbulencehigh-dimensional stateslong-distance communicationorbital angular momentum

More Related Videos

Fabrication and Characterization of Disordered Polymer Optical Fibers for Transverse Anderson Localization of Light
09:19

Fabrication and Characterization of Disordered Polymer Optical Fibers for Transverse Anderson Localization of Light

Published on: July 29, 2013

12.0K
Design and Fabrication of an Optical Fiber Made of Water
08:06

Design and Fabrication of an Optical Fiber Made of Water

Published on: November 8, 2018

8.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
09:43

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

10.4K
Fabrication and Characterization of Disordered Polymer Optical Fibers for Transverse Anderson Localization of Light
09:19

Fabrication and Characterization of Disordered Polymer Optical Fibers for Transverse Anderson Localization of Light

Published on: July 29, 2013

12.0K
Design and Fabrication of an Optical Fiber Made of Water
08:06

Design and Fabrication of an Optical Fiber Made of Water

Published on: November 8, 2018

8.7K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum communication
  • Optical physics
  • Free-space optics

Background:

  • Spatial modes of light, particularly orbital angular momentum (OAM), offer high information-carrying capacity for classical and quantum communication.
  • Distributing these modes over long distances is challenging due to intermodal coupling in fibers and atmospheric turbulence in free space.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the feasibility of long-distance free-space transmission of OAM modes.
  • To assess the quality of OAM mode transmission over extended distances.
  • To explore the potential for OAM entanglement distribution over long free-space links.

Main Methods:

  • Transmission of OAM modes of light over 143 km between two Canary Islands.
  • Encoding a short message using superpositions of OAM modes.
  • Utilizing an artificial neural network (ANN) for decoding the transmitted message at the receiver.

Main Results:

  • Successfully transmitted OAM modes over 143 km, significantly exceeding previous distance records.
  • Achieved over 80% accuracy in distinguishing OAM mode superpositions up to the third mode order using an ANN.
  • Decoded the transmitted message with a low error rate of 8.33%.

Conclusions:

  • Long-distance free-space distribution of OAM modes is feasible, paving the way for enhanced optical communication.
  • The study suggests that OAM entanglement distribution over 100 km of free space is achievable.
  • Adaptive optics systems can further enhance the quality of free-space OAM links.