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Phase retrieval by coherent modulation imaging.

Fucai Zhang1,2,3, Bo Chen1,2,4, Graeme R Morrison1,2

  • 1London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.

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This study introduces coherent modulation imaging, a new phase retrieval method for lensless imaging. It overcomes challenges in recovering images from diffraction data, enabling robust imaging for various scientific applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Imaging Science
  • Materials Science
  • Biological Science

Background:

  • Phase retrieval is crucial for imaging when only wavefield intensity is recorded.
  • Coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) is a lensless technique using iterative algorithms for phase recovery.
  • Retrieving phase from single diffraction patterns is challenging for general samples.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a robust phase retrieval method for lensless imaging.
  • To overcome inherent ambiguities in coherent diffraction imaging.
  • To enable single-shot imaging for dynamical processes.

Main Methods:

  • Coherent modulation imaging (CMI) using a known modulation of the sample exit wave.
  • A reliable, rapidly converging iterative algorithm involving three planes.
  • Application to extended samples without requiring tight support.

Main Results:

  • CMI removes ambiguities present in standard CDI.
  • The method demonstrates robustness for extended samples.
  • It relaxes dynamic range requirements on detectors.

Conclusions:

  • Coherent modulation imaging offers a robust solution for phase retrieval in imaging.
  • The single-shot capability is beneficial for studying dynamical processes with pulsed sources like X-ray free-electron lasers.