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Respiratory manifestations in endocrine diseases
Codruţa Lencu1, Teodora Alexescu2, Mirela Petrulea3
1Department of Endocrinology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Clujul Medical (1957)
|November 19, 2016
Summary
Endocrine diseases significantly impact respiration, causing disorders like sleep apnea and ventilation issues. Recognizing and managing these respiratory manifestations is crucial for patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Pulmonology
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Respiration is regulated by complex voluntary and involuntary mechanisms involving hormonal and neural pathways.
- Hormones and hypothalamic neuropeptides are key regulators of respiration and bronchopulmonary morphology.
- Endocrine diseases, characterized by hormone imbalance, can lead to significant respiratory manifestations.
Approach:
- This article reviews respiratory manifestations in adult endocrine diseases with hormone deficit or hypersecretion.
- It details specific respiratory issues in hyperthyroidism, acromegaly, and other endocrine disorders.
- The review highlights the importance of interdisciplinary monitoring by various medical specialists.
Key Points:
- Hyperthyroidism can cause ventilation disorders, sleep apnea, pleural effusions, hyperventilation, myopathy, cardiovascular issues, and pulmonary arterial hypertension.
- Thyroid hypertrophy may lead to dyspnea, stridor, wheezing, and cough due to upper airway compression.
- Acromegaly is associated with ventilatory dysfunction and sleep apnea, worsening disease progression.
Conclusions:
- Respiratory disorders are common and often severe in endocrine diseases.
- Early recognition, investigation, and monitoring of respiratory symptoms are essential.
- Effective management requires collaboration among family physicians, internists, endocrinologists, pneumologists, and cardiologists to improve patient prognosis.
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