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Perinatal chikungunya in twins.

Vikneswari Karthiga1, Peter Prasanth Kumar Kommu1, Lalitha Krishnan1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India.

Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences
|November 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Chikungunya infection can transmit from mother to twins, causing severe neonatal symptoms like seizures and anemia. Early identification of this rare vertical transmission is crucial for prompt medical intervention.

Keywords:
Neonatal seizuresperinatal chikungunya facial hyperpigmentation

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Neonatology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection is an emerging arboviral disease with significant public health implications.
  • Vertical transmission of CHIKV from mother to neonate can occur, particularly during the peripartum period.
  • Neonatal chikungunya infection can manifest with a range of severe clinical presentations.

Observation:

  • A case of vertically transmitted chikungunya infection in heterozygous twin neonates is presented.
  • The neonates exhibited a constellation of symptoms including seizures, encephalopathy, midfacial hyperpigmentation, anemia, and thrombocytopenia.
  • These clinical signs suggest a severe form of congenital chikungunya infection.

Findings:

  • The study highlights a rare instance of chikungunya virus transmission from mother to twin neonates.
  • The affected neonates presented with neurological and hematological abnormalities characteristic of severe chikungunya.
  • Heterozygous twin status did not appear to alter the clinical presentation of chikungunya infection.

Implications:

  • Vertically transmitted chikungunya should be considered in the differential diagnosis of neonatal seizures and encephalopathy.
  • Timely diagnosis of congenital chikungunya is essential for initiating appropriate supportive care and management.
  • This case underscores the importance of surveillance for chikungunya in pregnant women and newborns in endemic and outbreak areas.