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Related Concept Videos

Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care01:26

Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care

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Aneurysm management involves either conservative medical therapy or surgical intervention, depending on the size and symptoms of the aneurysm. Conservative management is generally reserved for smaller, asymptomatic aneurysms, while larger or symptomatic aneurysms often necessitate surgical repair.Conservative Medical TherapyFor small, asymptomatic aneurysms, particularly abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) less than 5.5 centimeters in diameter, conservative medical therapy is recommended. This...
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Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:21

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Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
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Aneurysm I: Introduction01:30

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An aortic aneurysm is a localized outpouching or dilation at a weak point in the artery wall. It may involve different parts of the aorta, such as the abdominal aorta, aortic arch, or thoracic aorta.Etiological factorsSeveral disorders are associated with aortic aneurysms.Congenital causes, such as primary connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome, impact the integrity and strength of connective tissues, notably affecting the aorta. Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that specifically...
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Aneurysm IV: Nursing Management01:22

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Vigilant monitoring for aneurysm rupture is essential for patients undergoing aortic surgery.Preoperative Nursing ManagementContinuously monitor the patient for manifestations of aneurysm rupture, such as pallor, weakness, tachycardia, hypotension, abdominal, back, groin, or periumbilical pain, changes in consciousness, and a pulsating abdominal mass. Regularly assess the patient's peripheral pulses.Instruct the patient to consume a clear liquid diet the day before surgery and administer...
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Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

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IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

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Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Time-Resolved, Dynamic Computed Tomography Angiography for Characterization of Aortic Endoleaks and Treatment Guidance via 2D-3D Fusion-Imaging
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Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Type II Endoleaks.

Mohamed S Kuziez1, Luis A Sanchez1, Mohamed A Zayed2

  • 1Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases & Diagnosis
|November 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Type II endoleaks after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) are common. This review covers current and emerging strategies for their prevention and treatment, focusing on embolization and sac sealing technologies.

Keywords:
Aortic aneurysmArterial embolizationEndovascular aneurysm repairType II endoleak

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Surgery
  • Interventional Radiology

Background:

  • Type II endoleaks are frequent complications after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR).
  • Preoperative risk factors and prevention strategies for type II endoleaks are actively researched.
  • Standard care includes post-operative surveillance with triple-phase CTA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest treatment strategies for type II endoleaks following EVAR.
  • To discuss the role of embolization and emerging sac sealing technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on type II endoleak management.
  • Discussion of prophylactic and therapeutic interventions.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic imaging modalities.

Main Results:

  • Type II endoleaks can be managed through embolization of accessory arteries or sac occlusion.
  • Hemodynamic significance is determined by aneurysm size and growth rate.
  • Percutaneous embolization techniques are common, with surgical ligation as a less frequent option.

Conclusions:

  • Emerging endovascular aneurysm sac sealing offers new management possibilities.
  • Long-term strategies for type II endoleaks are evolving with new technologies.
  • Continued research is vital for optimizing EVAR outcomes.