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Does Obstructive Sleep Apnea Increase the Risk for Periodontal Disease? A Case-Control Study
Hikmet Gamsiz-Isik1, Esen Kiyan2, Zuleyha Bingol2
1Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Journal of Periodontology
|November 19, 2016
Summary
Periodontitis is more prevalent in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This study found higher levels of interleukin-1 beta in gingival crevicular fluid and serum C-reactive protein in OSA patients, suggesting a link.
Area of Science:
- Oral Health
- Sleep Medicine
- Inflammation Research
Background:
- A potential link between periodontitis and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been proposed.
- Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the gums and supporting bone.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare periodontitis prevalence in patients with and without OSA.
- To assess clinical periodontal parameters and inflammatory markers in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 163 participants (83 with OSA, 80 controls).
- Clinical periodontal measurements and GCF sampling were performed.
- Levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and hs-CRP in GCF and serum hs-CRP were analyzed.
Main Results:
- Periodontitis prevalence was significantly higher in the OSA group (96.4%) compared to controls (75%).
- GCF IL-1β levels and serum hs-CRP were significantly elevated in OSA patients.
- A correlation was observed between GCF IL-1β and periodontal clinical parameters.
Conclusions:
- Patients with OSA exhibit a higher prevalence of periodontitis and elevated markers of inflammation (GCF IL-1β, serum hs-CRP).
- Further randomized clinical trials are needed to explore oral care interventions for OSA patients.
