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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Preparation and Culture of Myogenic Precursor Cells/Primary Myoblasts from Skeletal Muscle of Adult and Aged Humans
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Changes in Communication between Muscle Stem Cells and their Environment with Aging.

Matthew Thorley1,2,3,4, Apostolos Malatras1,2,3,4, William Duddy1,2,3,4

  • 1Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Center of Research in Myology UMRS 974, F-75013, Paris, France.

Journal of Neuromuscular Diseases
|November 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Aging causes muscle weakness and loss by impairing skeletal muscle stem cell repair and regeneration. This review explores signaling factors and local environment changes affecting muscle stem cells and overall muscle health in the elderly.

Keywords:
Agingadult stem cellshomeostasisintercellular signaling peptides and proteinsmusclesmyoblastsskeletal

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Muscle Physiology
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Aging is linked to muscle weakness, mass loss, and frailty in the elderly.
  • Skeletal muscle aging involves reduced repair efficiency and stem cell number decline.
  • Changes in systemic and local signaling, plus stem cell intrinsic properties, contribute to age-related muscle decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mechanisms behind age-associated muscle changes.
  • To focus on cell-cell communication and long-distance signaling factors.
  • To discuss local environmental changes and their impact on muscle stem cells.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on aging, muscle biology, and stem cell signaling.
  • Analysis of endocrine signaling, myokines, and extracellular matrix changes.
  • Examination of stem cell intrinsic properties, including DNA accessibility and methylation.

Main Results:

  • Systemic factors like growth hormone, IGF1, sex hormones, and inflammatory cytokines are implicated.
  • Local factors including IL-6, IL-4, FGF-2, and myokines, along with ECM thickening, affect muscle.
  • Stem cell properties are modulated by communication factors, leading to reduced DNA accessibility and gene repression.
  • The stem cell pool decreases, with elderly myoblasts failing to re-quiesce, impacting muscle homeostasis.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related muscle decline is multifactorial, involving systemic and local signaling disruptions.
  • Altered communication pathways and local environment changes impair muscle stem cell function and pool size.
  • These changes collectively compromise skeletal muscle homeostasis in the elderly.