Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Feedback Inhibition

Feedback Inhibition

Biochemical reactions are occurring constantly in cells, converting starting substances to different products, usually with the help of enzymes that speed the reactions. Without enzymes, it would take far too long for most reactions to occur to be useful to the cell!

Feedback Loops

Feedback Loops

In most cases, excessive hormone production is prevented by negative feedback—a loop that starts with a stimulus inducing the release of a particular substance, like a hormone, to maintain a certain level before triggering a signal that results in a decrease in further release of the hormone.

Internal Receptors

Internal Receptors

Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and therefore cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind to internal, or intracellular, receptors that reside within the cell. Many mammalian steroid hormones use this mechanism of cell signaling, as does nitric oxide (NO) gas.

Cross-reactivity

Cross-reactivity

What are Second Messengers?

What are Second Messengers?

Because many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic, they do not cross the cell membrane and thus their message must be relayed to a second messenger on the inside. There are several second messenger pathways, each with their own way of relaying information. G-protein coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol path is active when the receptor induces phospholipase C to hydrolyze the phospholipid,...

Proofreading

Proofreading

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Patients Who Decompensate and Trigger Rapid Response Immediately Upon Hospital Admission Have Higher Mortality Than Equivalent Patients Without Rapid Responses.

Journal of patient safety·2023

Same author

Wellness and Coping of Physicians Who Worked in ICUs During the Pandemic: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional North American Survey.

Critical care medicine·2022

Same author

Supporting Professionals in Critical Care Medicine: Burnout, Resiliency, and System-Level Change.

Clinics in chest medicine·2022

Same author

COVID-19: Lessons Learned, Lessons Unlearned, Lessons for the Future.

Chest·2022

Same author

Banishing Burnout in Your ICU: Think Team.

Chest·2022

Same author

Endotracheal Tube Size Is Associated With Mortality in Patients With Status Asthmaticus.

Respiratory care·2022

Same journal

The authors reply.

Critical care medicine·2026

Same journal

Attracting Emergency Medicine Graduates to Surgical Critical Care Training Programs.

Critical care medicine·2026

Same journal

The authors reply.

Critical care medicine·2026

Same journal

Beyond a Snapshot: Tracking Family Prognostic Expectations in the ICU.

Critical care medicine·2026

Same journal

The authors reply.

Critical care medicine·2026

Same journal

Plasma Levels of Soluble ST2 Reflect Extrapulmonary Organ Dysfunction and Predict Outcomes in Acute Respiratory Failure: Beware of Potential Confounders.

Critical care medicine·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Analysis of Circadian Photoresponses in Drosophila Using Locomotor Activity

Analysis of Circadian Photoresponses in Drosophila Using Locomotor Activity

The authors reply

Curtis N Sessler¹, Marc Moss, Vicki S Good

¹Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Health, Richmond, VADivision of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CODepartment of Patient Safety, Cox Health System, Springfield, MOSections of Pediatric Sleep Medicine and Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, ILCenter for Clinical Research and Scholarship, Rush University Medical Center and Rush University College of Nursing, Chicago, IL.

Critical Care Medicine

|November 19, 2016

Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

More Related Videos

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

Studying Aggression in Drosophila fruit flies

Studying Aggression in Drosophila fruit flies

Published on: February 25, 2007

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Analysis of Circadian Photoresponses in Drosophila Using Locomotor Activity

Analysis of Circadian Photoresponses in Drosophila Using Locomotor Activity

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

Studying Aggression in Drosophila fruit flies

Studying Aggression in Drosophila fruit flies

Published on: February 25, 2007