Jove
Visualize
Contact Us

Related Concept Videos

Speciation Rates01:07

Speciation Rates

23.3K
Overview
23.3K
What is Evolutionary History?02:35

What is Evolutionary History?

44.3K
Scientists record evolutionary history by analyzing fossil, morphological, and genetic data. The fossil record documents the history of life on Earth and provides evidence for evolution. However, both fossil and living organisms offer evidence that outlines Earth’s evolutionary history.
44.3K
Predator-Prey Interactions02:39

Predator-Prey Interactions

22.1K
Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
22.1K
The Fossil Record02:56

The Fossil Record

28.1K
The fossil record documents only a small fraction of all organisms that have ever inhabited Earth. Fossilization is a rare process, and most organisms never become fossils. Moreover, the fossil record only exhibits fossils that have been discovered. Nevertheless, sedimentary rock fossils of long-lived, abundant, hard-bodied organisms dominate the fossil record. These fossils offer valuable information, such as an organism's physical form, behavior, and age. Studying the fossil record helps...
28.1K
Pollination and Flower Structure02:40

Pollination and Flower Structure

79.6K
Flowers are the reproductive, seed-producing structures of angiosperms. Typically, flowers consist of sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. Sepals and petals are the vegetative flower organs. Stamens and carpels are the reproductive organs.  
79.6K
Defenses Against Pathogens and Herbivores02:26

Defenses Against Pathogens and Herbivores

29.8K
Plants present a rich source of nutrients for many organisms, making it a target for herbivores and infectious agents. Plants, though lacking a proper immune system, have developed an array of constitutive and inducible defenses to fend off these attacks.
29.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A new remarkable Early Cretaceous nelumbonaceous fossil bridges the gap between herbaceous aquatic and woody protealeans.

Scientific reports·2023
Same author

First evidence of ranunculids in Early Cretaceous tropics.

Scientific reports·2022
Same author

Is evolution faster at ecotones? A test using rates and tempo of diet transitions in Neotropical Sigmodontinae (Rodentia, Cricetidae).

Ecology and evolution·2022
Same author

Analyzing community-weighted trait means across environmental gradients: should phylogeny stay or should it go?

Ecology·2017
Same author

A global meta-analysis of the relative extent of intraspecific trait variation in plant communities.

Ecology letters·2015
Same author

Inventory of the Sponge Fauna of the cemitério Paleolake, Catalão, Goiás, Brazil.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias·2012
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Linking Predation Risk, Herbivore Physiological Stress and Microbial Decomposition of Plant Litter
10:20

Linking Predation Risk, Herbivore Physiological Stress and Microbial Decomposition of Plant Litter

Published on: March 12, 2013

14.0K

Insect herbivory fluctuations through geological time.

Esther R S Pinheiro1, Roberto Iannuzzi1, Leandro D S Duarte2

  • 1Departamento de Paleontologia e Estratigrafia, Laboratório de Paleobotânica, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Ecology
|November 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant-arthropod interactions, or herbivory, increased with higher temperatures and atmospheric CO2 and O2 levels over geological time. This study analyzed herbivory frequency and damage type density from the Devonian to Miocene.

Keywords:
carbon dioxidedensity of damage typesinsect herbivory frequencyoxygentemperature

More Related Videos

Detached Leaf Assays to Simplify Gene Expression Studies in Potato During Infestation by Chewing Insect Manduca sexta
05:56

Detached Leaf Assays to Simplify Gene Expression Studies in Potato During Infestation by Chewing Insect Manduca sexta

Published on: May 15, 2019

7.2K
JenaTron - An Experimental Approach to Study the Effects of Plant History and Soil History on Grassland Ecosystem Functioning
09:23

JenaTron - An Experimental Approach to Study the Effects of Plant History and Soil History on Grassland Ecosystem Functioning

Published on: March 21, 2025

2.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Linking Predation Risk, Herbivore Physiological Stress and Microbial Decomposition of Plant Litter
10:20

Linking Predation Risk, Herbivore Physiological Stress and Microbial Decomposition of Plant Litter

Published on: March 12, 2013

14.0K
Detached Leaf Assays to Simplify Gene Expression Studies in Potato During Infestation by Chewing Insect Manduca sexta
05:56

Detached Leaf Assays to Simplify Gene Expression Studies in Potato During Infestation by Chewing Insect Manduca sexta

Published on: May 15, 2019

7.2K
JenaTron - An Experimental Approach to Study the Effects of Plant History and Soil History on Grassland Ecosystem Functioning
09:23

JenaTron - An Experimental Approach to Study the Effects of Plant History and Soil History on Grassland Ecosystem Functioning

Published on: March 21, 2025

2.1K

Area of Science:

  • Paleontology
  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Arthropods and land plants are key macroscopic biodiversity sources.
  • Understanding plant-herbivore interactions is crucial for biodiversity maintenance.
  • Previous studies on herbivory through geological time are limited in scope.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the frequency of herbivory and density of damage types (DT) across a broad geological timescale.
  • To investigate the influence of environmental factors on plant-herbivore interactions over millions of years.

Main Methods:

  • Compiled data on leaf damage types (DTs) indicating herbivory from literature sources.
  • Standardized DT data using the Damage Type Guide.
  • Updated geological ages of localities and analyzed herbivory frequency and DT density in relation to environmental variables.

Main Results:

  • Herbivory frequency correlated positively with temperature and geological age.
  • Damage type density was explained by interactions between CO2 levels and geological age, and O2 levels and geological age.
  • Higher atmospheric CO2 and O2 levels were associated with increased DT density compared to modern values.

Conclusions:

  • Long-term atmospheric variables, including temperature, CO2, and O2, significantly influenced herbivory frequency and damage type density.
  • This study provides insights into the evolutionary dynamics of plant-herbivore interactions over geological time.