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CD48 on blood leukocytes and in serum of asthma patients varies with severity

R S Gangwar1, Y Minai-Fleminger1, M Seaf1

  • 1Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.

Allergy
|November 19, 2016
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

CD48 receptor expression varies in asthma patients, with soluble CD48 (sCD48) inhibiting eosinophil activation. These findings highlight CD48

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • CD48, a membrane receptor (mCD48) on eosinophils and mast cells, also exists in a soluble form (sCD48).
  • CD48 plays a key role in murine asthma and mast cell-eosinophil interactions via its ligand CD244.
  • This suggests a potential role for CD48 in human asthma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression of mCD48 and sCD48 in human asthma.
  • To determine the correlation between CD48 expression levels and asthma severity.
  • To evaluate the functional impact of sCD48 on eosinophil activation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of blood leukocyte mCD48 expression and serum sCD48 levels in two cohorts (IL and UK) of mild, moderate, and severe asthma patients and healthy volunteers.
  • Immunostaining of asthmatic bronchial biopsies for CD48.
  • In vitro evaluation of sCD48's effect on CD244-dependent eosinophil activation.

Main Results:

  • Eosinophil mCD48 expression was elevated in moderate and downregulated in severe asthma.
  • mCD48 expression increased on B, T, NK cells, and monocytes in severe asthma.
  • Serum sCD48 levels were higher in mild but reduced in severe asthma, with specific cutoff values identified for differentiating asthma.
  • mCD48 was primarily expressed by eosinophils in asthmatic bronchial biopsies.
  • sCD48 inhibited anti-CD244-induced eosinophil activation.

Conclusions:

  • Differential expression of mCD48 and sCD48 in the peripheral blood of asthma patients correlates with disease severity.
  • sCD48 demonstrates inhibitory effects on CD244-mediated eosinophil activation.
  • These findings support a significant role for CD48 in the pathogenesis of human asthma.
Keywords:
CD48biomarkerblood leukocytescorticosteroidssevere asthma

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