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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
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Arsole-Containing π-Conjugated Polymer by the Post-Element-Transformation Technique.

Yoshimasa Matsumura1, Makoto Ishidoshiro2, Yasuyuki Irie2

  • 1School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|November 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel arsole-containing π-conjugated polymer using organotitanium precursors. This new material shows unique optical and redox properties, with potential for further chemical modification and applications in electronic devices.

Keywords:
arsinationarsolesorganometallic polymerspolymer reactionsπ-conjugated polymers

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • π-conjugated polymers are crucial for organic electronics.
  • Developing novel monomers and polymers with tunable electronic properties is an active area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize a novel arsole-containing π-conjugated polymer.
  • To characterize the optical and electrochemical properties of the synthesized polymer.
  • To investigate the effect of chemical modification on the polymer's properties.

Main Methods:

  • Post-transformation of an organotitanium polymer (titanacyclopentadiene-2,5-diyl) with an arsenic-containing building block.
  • UV/Vis absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy.
  • Cyclic voltammetry (CV) for electrochemical analysis.
  • Complexation with gold(I) chloride for chemical modification.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of an arsole-containing π-conjugated polymer.
  • Observed UV/Vis absorption maximum at 517 nm and onset at 612 nm.
  • Exhibited orange photoluminescence with an emission maximum of 600 nm and quantum yield of 0.05.
  • Demonstrated quasi-reversible redox behavior with HOMO at -5.43 eV and LUMO at -3.24 eV.
  • Chemical modification with gold(I) chloride induced a bathochromic shift and lowered the LUMO level.

Conclusions:

  • The synthetic method provides access to novel arsole-containing π-conjugated polymers.
  • The polymer possesses promising optoelectronic properties suitable for further investigation.
  • Chemical modification offers a route to tune the polymer's electronic structure and optical characteristics.