HIV screening intentions, behaviors, and practices among nurse practitioners

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Epidemiology
• Healthcare Practice

Background:

• Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) remains a critical public health concern in the U.S.
• Routine HIV screening is recommended for individuals aged 13-64, yet NP perspectives are understudied.
• Nurse practitioners (NPs) play a vital role in primary and secondary prevention efforts.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the intentions, behaviors, and practices of NPs regarding routine HIV screening.
• To understand the current landscape of HIV screening from the NP viewpoint.
• To identify potential barriers and facilitators for implementing routine HIV screening by NPs.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional study was conducted using a national random sample of 600 NPs.
• Data were collected via paper and pencil questionnaires.
• A total of 141 NPs completed and returned the questionnaire for analysis.

Main Results:

• Only 25% of participating NPs reported engaging in routine HIV screening.
• Nearly half (48%) of NPs expressed intentions to increase routine HIV screening within the next year.
• Current HIV screening practices among NPs were predominantly risk-based and patient-initiated.

Conclusions:

• Significant gaps exist in the routine implementation of HIV screening by NPs.
• A substantial proportion of NPs show willingness to enhance screening behaviors.
• System-level changes and coordinated efforts are necessary to align NP practices with established HIV screening guidelines.