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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Microbiology
  • Animal Pathology
  • Bacterial Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Campylobacter species cause diverse animal and human diseases.
  • Ruminant reproductive diseases include infertility in cattle (Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis) and abortions in sheep, goats, and cattle.
  • Historically, Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus caused sheep abortions, with Campylobacter jejuni playing a lesser role.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review recent advances in understanding Campylobacter pathobiology in animals.
  • Focus on ruminant diseases, including epidemiology, pathogenesis, genomics, and control.
  • Highlight the emerging role of Campylobacter jejuni in ovine abortions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific publications.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data on Campylobacter abortions in ruminants.
  • Examination of genomic information related to hypervirulent clones.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on pathogenesis and control strategies.

Main Results:

  • A significant species shift has occurred, with Campylobacter jejuni now predominant in US sheep abortions.
  • This shift is linked to the clonal expansion of a hypervirulent, tetracycline-resistant Campylobacter jejuni clone.
  • Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis remains a key cause of infertility in cattle.

Conclusions:

  • Campylobacter jejuni has emerged as a major cause of ovine abortions due to specific hypervirulent clones.
  • Understanding the pathobiology, genomics, and epidemiology of these emerging clones is crucial for effective control.
  • Continued surveillance and research are needed to manage Campylobacter-associated reproductive diseases in ruminants.