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Processionary moths possess health-hazardous urticating setae. Unlike the pine processionary moth, most species show little evidence of range expansion due to global change, limiting new health risks.

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Area of Science:

  • Entomology
  • Ecology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Processionary moths, particularly Thaumetopoea pityocampa, possess urticating setae causing health issues in animals and humans.
  • Global change, including climate warming and trade, has facilitated the expansion of T. pityocampa's distribution.
  • The subfamily Thaumetopoeinae comprises around 100 species, raising concerns about potential range expansions and associated health hazards in other species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distribution of urticating setae across various life stages and major groups within the Thaumetopoeinae subfamily.
  • To assess the likelihood of other processionary moth species expanding their ranges in response to global change, similar to T. pityocampa.
  • To understand the factors influencing the health risks posed by processionary moth setae.

Main Methods:

  • Setae distribution analysis across different life stages (adult, larva) for key processionary moth groups.
  • Review and synthesis of existing data on processionary moth distribution and responses to global change.
  • Correlation analysis between population density, setae-related health problems, and global change factors.

Main Results:

  • Urticating setae distribution patterns were described for the first time across major groups and life stages of Thaumetopoeinae.
  • Limited evidence suggests that most processionary moth species will not exhibit range expansions comparable to T. pityocampa.
  • Health problems associated with setae are strongly linked to population density, with an uncertain connection to global change.

Conclusions:

  • While T. pityocampa is expanding its range due to global change, other processionary moths are unlikely to follow suit.
  • The potential for widespread introduction of health hazards into new areas by processionary moths appears limited.
  • Population density is a key factor in setae-related health issues, but its direct link to global change across all species remains unclear.