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Ecological Disturbance

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An ecological disturbance is a temporary disruption in the environment resulting from abiotic, biotic, or anthropogenic factors, causing a pronounced change in an ecosystem. The impact of an ecological disturbance, which can depend on its intensity, frequency, and spatial distribution, plays a significant role in shaping the species diversity within the ecosystem.
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Habitat fragmentation describes the division of a more extensive, continuous habitat into smaller, discontinuous areas. Human activities such as land conversion, as well as slower geological processes leading to changes in the physical environment, are the two leading causes of habitat fragmentation. The fragmentation process typically follows the same steps: perforation, dissection, fragmentation, shrinkage, and attrition.
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Community disassembly in ephemeral ecosystems.

Brian J O'Neill1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, 800 West Main Street, Whitewater, Wisconsin, 53190, USA.

Ecology
|November 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Community disassembly, the loss of species, is natural in ephemeral ecosystems. Understanding these predictable patterns in temporary habitats is key to ecological research.

Keywords:
biodiversitycommunity assembly rulesephemeral wetlandfood web assemblysuccessiontemporary wetlandsvernal pools

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Community disassembly, characterized by species loss, is typically studied in response to disturbances.
  • Ephemeral ecosystems, both aquatic and terrestrial, exhibit natural and predictable community disassembly patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the mechanisms and predictability of natural community disassembly in ephemeral ecosystems.
  • To differentiate natural disassembly from human-induced species loss.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of ecological principles governing species loss in temporary habitats.
  • Comparison of disassembly drivers in ephemeral versus permanent ecosystems.

Main Results:

  • Ephemeral ecosystems undergo predictable disassembly due to habitat changes like size reduction and harshness.
  • Mechanisms include increased competition, species intolerance, and UV radiation impacts.
  • Terrestrial ephemeral habitats (carcasses, dung) share disassembly patterns with aquatic ones.

Conclusions:

  • Natural community disassembly in ephemeral ecosystems is a predictable process shaping ecological assemblages.
  • Understanding these natural cycles enhances fundamental ecological knowledge and offers new research avenues.