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Related Concept Videos

Naturalistic Observations02:30

Naturalistic Observations

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If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
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Drugs exert their therapeutic effects by interacting with receptors, enzymes, or ion channels that are present throughout the human body. The strength and duration of the interaction between a drug and its target receptor are characterized by the selectivity and specificity of the drug. Selectivity refers to a drug's strong preference for its intended target over other targets. For instance, isoprenaline, a non-selective β-adrenergic agonist, interacts with both β1- and...
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Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm
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Reducing overselective stimulus control with differential observing responses.

Rachel S Farber1, Chata A Dickson2, William V Dube1

  • 1University of Massachusetts Medical School and Western New England University.

Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis
|November 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a differential observing response (DOR) intervention to improve stimulus control in students with special needs. The DOR training enhanced accuracy in matching tasks, suggesting improved observing behavior.

Keywords:
differential observing responsesintellectual disabilitiesmatching to sampleoverselective stimulus control

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Psychology
  • Special Education
  • Learning Sciences

Background:

  • Overselective stimulus control limits effective behavior by restricting the number of controlling stimuli.
  • Students with special needs often exhibit challenges with stimulus control in learning tasks.
  • Delayed matching tasks are commonly used to assess discrimination and memory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effectiveness of a differential observing response (DOR) intervention for students with overselective stimulus control.
  • To determine if DOR training can improve accuracy in a two-sample delayed matching task.
  • To examine the maintenance of improved performance following the withdrawal of DOR training.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1 involved 22 special education students with overselective stimulus control on a two-sample delayed matching task.
  • An intervention introduced a compound identity matching opportunity, functioning as a DOR, during the sample observation period.
  • Experiment 2 explored gradual withdrawal of DOR requirements to assess performance maintenance.

Main Results:

  • Nineteen participants acquired the DOR, and 16 showed substantial increases in two-sample delayed matching accuracy.
  • Complete withdrawal of the DOR led to a decline in accuracy.
  • Gradual DOR withdrawal indicated that performance could be maintained with partial DOR requirements.

Conclusions:

  • Differential observing response (DOR) training can effectively improve stimulus control in students with overselective stimulus control.
  • The DOR intervention shows promise for enhancing observing behavior and discrimination skills.
  • Partial reinforcement schedules for the DOR may be sufficient for maintaining behavioral gains.