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Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Ex utero Electroporation and Whole Hemisphere Explants: A Simple Experimental Method for Studies of Early Cortical Development
Published on: April 3, 2013
Malformations of cortical development
Rahul S Desikan1, A James Barkovich1
1Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
Abstract:
Malformations of cortical development (MCDs) compose a diverse range of disorders that are common causes of neurodevelopmental delay and epilepsy. With improved imaging and genetic methodologies, the underlying molecular and pathobiological characteristics of several MCDs have been recently elucidated. In this review, we discuss genetic and molecular alterations that disrupt normal cortical development, with emphasis on recent discoveries, and provide detailed radiological features of the most common and important MCDs. Ann Neurol 2016;80:797-810.
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