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Drinking frequency effects on the performance of cattle: a systematic review
L R Williams1, E L Jackson2, G J Bishop-Hurley3
1School of Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, North Rockhampton, Qld, Australia.
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition
|November 19, 2016
Summary
Restricting drinking frequency in cattle significantly reduces water and feed intake. Dairy cows also experience decreased milk yield and fat content, highlighting the critical role of water availability in livestock performance.
Area of Science:
- Animal Science
- Agricultural Science
- Nutritional Physiology
Background:
- Water availability is a crucial factor influencing livestock health and productivity.
- Understanding the impact of drinking frequency on cattle performance is essential for optimizing animal husbandry.
- Previous research has indicated potential effects of water access on feed intake and production, but a comprehensive review is needed.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review existing literature on the effects of drinking frequency on cattle performance.
- To identify documented performance responses to varying water access.
- To explore how environmental and animal factors modulate these responses.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature review was conducted, searching electronic databases for English-language articles.
- Studies included original data on cattle performance attributes (water intake, feed intake, live weight) in response to drinking frequency or controlled water access.
- Data from 16 experiments on dairy cows and 12 on beef cattle were analyzed.
Main Results:
- Beef cattle restricted to drinking every 2-3 days showed significant reductions in water (15-25%) and feed intake (9-16%) compared to daily access.
- Dairy cows with limited access (once or twice daily) exhibited reduced water intake (12-13%), milk yield (1-2%), and milk fat content (1-2%).
- Live weight responses were inconsistent across both beef and dairy cattle, with season, climate, and animal factors potentially influencing outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Restricted drinking frequency negatively impacts water and feed intake in both beef and dairy cattle.
- Dairy cow milk production and composition are sensitive to reduced water availability.
- Further research is needed to elucidate optimal drinking frequencies and the influence of various factors on cattle health, welfare, and performance.
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