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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
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Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
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Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain
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Telerheumatology: A Systematic Review.

John A McDougall1, Elizabeth D Ferucci2, Janis Glover1

  • 1Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.

Arthritis Care & Research
|November 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Telemedicine shows promise for diagnosing and managing autoimmune rheumatic diseases, though evidence is limited. More research is needed to confirm its effectiveness and optimal use in rheumatology care.

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Digital Health
  • Evidence-Based Medicine

Background:

  • Telemedicine offers a potential solution for accessing care in rheumatology.
  • The use of telemedicine for inflammatory and autoimmune rheumatic diseases requires systematic evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and summarize existing literature on telemedicine for diagnosing and managing autoimmune/inflammatory rheumatic diseases.
  • To assess the evidence regarding the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of telemedicine in rheumatology.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic search of multiple databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus) was conducted.
  • Included studies focused on telemedicine applications in the diagnosis and/or management of rheumatic diseases.
  • A descriptive analysis was performed on the extracted data.

Main Results:

  • Twenty studies were included from 1,468 initially identified; most had a high risk of bias.
  • Rheumatoid arthritis was the most studied condition.
  • Telemedicine effectiveness results were conflicting, with most studies finding it effective, but some showing mixed or ineffective outcomes.
  • Limited cost analyses indicated telemedicine was cost-effective.

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence suggests telemedicine may be effective for autoimmune/inflammatory rheumatic diseases, but the evidence base is limited.
  • Further research is necessary to establish definitive conclusions and guide optimal telemedicine implementation in rheumatology.