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Cardiorenal acute kidney injury: Epidemiology, presentation, causes, pathophysiology and treatment

Luca Di Lullo1, Antonio Bellasi2, Domenico Russo3

  • 1Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, L. Parodi-Delfino Hospital, Colleferro, (Rome), Italy.

International Journal of Cardiology
|November 19, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Acute kidney injury (AKI) significantly impacts heart health, causing cardiac injury through various mechanisms. Understanding this cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is crucial for managing patients with kidney disease.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiology
  • Cardiorenal Medicine

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality in patients with kidney disease.
  • Heart and kidney failure often coexist, defining cardiorenal syndrome (CRS).
  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) can precipitate acute cardiac injury, known as type-3 CRS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the cardiovascular involvement in patients experiencing acute kidney injury (AKI).
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which AKI affects cardiac function.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cardiorenal syndrome, focusing on type-3 CRS.
  • Analysis of the interplay between AKI and cardiovascular events.

Main Results:

  • AKI can directly or indirectly lead to acute cardiac events.
  • Associated factors include volume overload, metabolic acidosis, and electrolyte imbalances (hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia).
  • AKI is linked to coronary artery disease, left ventricular dysfunction, and fibrosis, impairing cardiac performance.

Conclusions:

  • AKI significantly contributes to cardiovascular complications and cardiac injury.
  • Management of AKI is critical for preventing adverse cardiac outcomes in cardiorenal syndrome.

Keywords:
Acute kidney injuryBiomarkersRenal replacement therapyType-3 cardiorenal syndrome

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