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Transcript profiling for early stages during embryo development in Scots pine.

Irene Merino¹, Malin Abrahamsson², Lieven Sterck^3,4,5

¹Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7080, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden. irene.merino@slu.se.

BMC Plant Biology

|November 20, 2016

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This study reveals key gene expression patterns during early conifer embryo development, identifying processes like cell wall loosening and apical-basal polarization crucial for dominant embryo survival and cleavage regulation.

Area of Science:

Plant biology
Developmental biology
Evolutionary biology

Background:

Conifer embryo development, particularly in Pinus species, involves cleavage polyembryony, where one embryo becomes dominant and others degrade.
Understanding the genetic regulation of this process is limited but crucial for evolutionary insights.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify regulatory processes governing cleavage polyembryony in Pinus embryos.
To understand the molecular mechanisms distinguishing dominant from subordinate embryos.

Main Methods:

High-throughput RNA sequencing of Pinus sylvestris embryos and megagametophytes at four early developmental stages.
Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis to identify differentially expressed transcripts (DETs).
Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) for validating DET abundance.

Keywords:

Embryo development Pinus sylvestris L Polyembryony RNA-seq Transcriptomic analysis Zygotic embryogenesis

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Main Results:

Over 18,000 differentially expressed transcripts were identified between embryos and megagametophytes.
Key transcripts related to embryogenic competence, cell wall modification, cell division, axis specification, hormone, and stress responses were highly abundant during early development.
The highest number of DETs occurred during the initiation of embryo cleavage.

Conclusions:

Embryogenic competence and cell wall loosening likely activate embryo cleavage.
Apical-basal polarization is tightly regulated in dominant embryos but not subordinate ones.
Subordinate embryos do not complete the transition to the maturation phase.