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Related Concept Videos

B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Related Experiment Video

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Evaluation of T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Center Response During Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice
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Human regulatory B cells control the TFH cell response.

Achouak Achour1, Quentin Simon1, Audrey Mohr1

  • 1Université de Brest, INSERM U1227, Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité, and LabEx IGO, Brest, France.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|November 21, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Human regulatory B (Breg) cells inhibit follicular helper T (TFH) cell maturation and function. These findings reveal Breg cells

Keywords:
IL-12IL-21Regulatory B cellsantibody productionfollicular T helper cellshumoral immune response

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Follicular helper T (TFH) cells are crucial for B-cell differentiation.
  • The role of regulatory B (Breg) cells in TFH cell-dependent humoral immunity is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of Breg cells on the development and function of TFH cells.

Main Methods:

  • Human T cells were stimulated to generate TFH cells and co-cultured with B cells.
  • Breg cells were introduced into these cultures, and their effects were analyzed using flow cytometry and ELISA.

Main Results:

  • Breg cells suppressed TFH cell development and maturation.
  • They inhibited B-cell differentiation, immunoglobulin secretion, and promoted the expansion of follicular regulatory T cells.
  • Breg cell suppressive activity involved cell-cell interactions and the production of IL-10 and TGF-β.

Conclusions:

  • Human Breg cells play a significant role in controlling TFH cell maturation and function.
  • Breg cells regulate germinal center reactions and antibody secretion.
  • Dysfunctional Breg cells may contribute to impaired humoral immunity and autoimmune diseases.