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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting
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Racial/ethnic differences in preterm perinatal outcomes.

Maeve E Wallace1, Pauline Mendola1, Sung Soo Kim1

  • 1Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, MD.

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
|November 21, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Racial disparities exist in serious adverse neonatal morbidities among preterm infants, though neonatal death risk is similar across races. Female infants generally had lower risks than male infants.

Keywords:
intracranial hemorrhageintraventricular hemorrhagenecrotizing enterocolitisneonatal deathperinatal deathpreterm birthrespiratory distress syndromeretinopathy of prematuritysepsistransient tachypnea

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal health
  • Perinatal epidemiology
  • Racial disparities in healthcare

Background:

  • Racial disparities in preterm birth and infant mortality are established.
  • Limited data exists on racial differences in neonatal morbidities for preterm infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate racial differences in the risk of neonatal morbidities and death among preterm infants.
  • To examine sex differences in these risks within and between racial groups.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 19,325 preterm deliveries from the Consortium on Safe Labor.
  • Used adjusted Poisson models to estimate racial differences in neonatal outcomes.
  • Controlled for maternal demographics, health behaviors, and medical history.

Main Results:

  • Black preterm infants had higher risks for sepsis, intraventricular hemorrhage, intracranial hemorrhage, and retinopathy of prematurity compared to white infants.
  • No significant racial differences were found in the risk of neonatal death.
  • Hispanic and white preterm neonates exhibited similar risk profiles. Female infants generally had lower risks than male infants.

Conclusions:

  • While neonatal death risk is similar across races for preterm infants, significant racial disparities exist for severe adverse neonatal morbidities.
  • Sex differences in these morbidities were also observed, with white female infants showing the lowest composite risk.