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Apolipoprotein E Gene Variants and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: A Meta-Analysis

Min Xu1, Jun Zhao2, Yu Zhang3

  • 1Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.

Biomed Research International
|November 22, 2016
PubMed

Insights

The apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4 allele significantly increases the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). The ApoE ε2 allele may decrease CHD risk in Caucasians but not in other ethnicities.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Cardiovascular Disease
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene variants are implicated in lipoprotein metabolism and are candidates for influencing coronary heart disease (CHD) risk.
  • Previous studies on the association between ApoE gene polymorphisms and CHD have yielded conflicting results.
  • A comprehensive meta-analysis is needed to clarify the role of ApoE variants in CHD pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene polymorphisms and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) through a meta-analysis.
  • To evaluate the impact of different ApoE genotypes (E3/3, E3/4, E4/4) and alleles (ε2, ε3, ε4) on CHD risk.
  • To explore ethnic variations in the association between ApoE alleles and CHD risk.

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analysis was conducted, synthesizing data from 30 published studies.
  • The analysis included a total of 11,804 patients with CHD and 17,713 control subjects.
  • Subgroup analyses were performed based on ethnicity to assess variations in risk.

Main Results:

  • Compared to the wild genotype (E3/3), variant genotypes ApoE E3/4 and E4/4 were associated with a 22% and 45% increased risk of CHD, respectively.
  • Carriers of the ApoE ε4 allele showed a 46% increased risk of CHD compared to ε3 allele carriers.
  • The ApoE ε4 allele conferred a 25% increased risk in Caucasians and a more pronounced 2.29-fold increased risk in Mongolians. The ε2 allele showed a decreased risk in Caucasians (OR=0.84) but not in Mongolians.

Conclusions:

  • The apolipoprotein E ε4 (ApoEε4) mutation is significantly associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD).
  • The ApoE ε2 allele demonstrates a protective effect, decreasing CHD risk specifically in Caucasian populations.
  • These findings highlight the differential impact of ApoE gene variants on CHD risk across diverse ethnic groups.

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