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Inflammatory monocytes hinder antiviral B cell responses
Stefano Sammicheli1, Mirela Kuka1, Pietro Di Lucia2
1Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy.
Science Immunology
|November 22, 2016
Summary
Certain viruses, like lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), evade immune responses. Inflammatory monocytes suppress antiviral B cell activation, hindering antibody production and promoting viral persistence.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Cellular Biology
Background:
- Antibodies are crucial for viral infection defense.
- Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) employs unknown mechanisms to evade early antibody responses.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the mechanisms by which LCMV evades early protective antibody responses.
- To analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics of B cell activation during LCMV infection.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of B cell activation and migration in draining lymph nodes.
- Investigating the role of CD11b+Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes in suppressing B cell responses.
- Assessing the impact of inflammatory monocyte depletion and nitric oxide production inhibition on antiviral antibody generation.
Main Results:
- LCMV-specific B cells interact with inflammatory monocytes in lymph nodes.
- Inflammatory monocytes, recruited via type I interferon and CCR2, suppress B cell responses through nitric oxide production.
- Depleting monocytes or inhibiting their function enhances B cell survival and neutralizing antibody production.
Conclusions:
- Inflammatory monocytes act as gatekeepers, suppressing antiviral B cell responses.
- Viruses like LCMV may exploit inflammatory monocytes to prolong host persistence.
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