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Related Concept Videos

Mutations01:35

Mutations

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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
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Mutations01:39

Mutations

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Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

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DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
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Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

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Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity01:25

Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity

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Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity refer to the ability of drugs to cause genetic defects and induce cancer, respectively. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies agents into four groups based on their carcinogenic potential. Group 1 agents are known human carcinogens; group 2A agents are probably carcinogenic to humans; group 3 agents lack data to support their role in carcinogenesis; and group 4 includes agents for which data support that they are not likely to be...
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The Lambda Select cII Mutation Detection System
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Irradiance-dependent UVB Photocarcinogenesis.

Cheng-Che E Lan1,2,3,4, Ching-Shuang Wu3,4,5, Shu-Mei Huang1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

Scientific Reports
|November 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Low irradiance Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation accelerates skin cancer development in mice by promoting cell cycle entry. This suggests lower intensity UVB may pose a greater photocarcinogenic risk than previously understood.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Photobiology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is a known carcinogen.
  • Sunscreens aim to mitigate UVB damage but haven't reduced sunburn incidence.
  • Previous research indicated UVB irradiance impacts cell differentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of irradiance on UVB-induced skin photocarcinogenesis.
  • To compare the carcinogenic potential of low irradiance (LI) versus high irradiance (HI) UVB at equivalent exposure levels.

Main Methods:

  • Hairless mice were exposed to equivalent total doses of UVB radiation at either low or high irradiance.
  • Cell models were used to investigate the molecular mechanisms.
  • Tumor development, tumor burden, and p53 mutations were assessed.
  • ERK-related signaling pathways were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Low irradiance UVB exposure led to faster tumor development and larger tumor burdens compared to high irradiance.
  • More epidermal keratinocytes harbored mutant p53 in the LI UVB group.
  • LI UVB radiation facilitated the cell cycle entry of DNA-damaged keratinocytes via ERK signaling.
  • LI UVB demonstrated higher photocarcinogenic potential than HI UVB at equivalent exposure.

Conclusions:

  • UVB radiation at low irradiance possesses a higher photocarcinogenic potential than at high irradiance for equivalent exposure.
  • The findings challenge conventional understanding of UVB carcinogenesis and sunscreen efficacy.
  • Further research is needed on the biological significance of sunburn, irrespective of sunscreen use.