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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Overview
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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Intralymphatic Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Mice
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Immunology Update: New Vaccines.

S Paul Starr1

  • 1Department of Family Medicine Louisiana State University School of Medicine, 1542 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112.

FP Essentials
|November 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New vaccines offer expanded protection against human papillomavirus (HPV) and pneumococcus. Updated recommendations guide the use of new influenza, meningococcal, and cholera vaccines for various populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Vaccinology
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Recent advancements have introduced novel vaccines targeting prevalent infectious diseases.
  • Existing vaccination schedules are being updated to incorporate these new preventative measures.
  • The landscape of vaccine availability and recommendations is continually evolving.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent updates and new vaccine approvals in the United States.
  • To provide guidance on the use of new vaccines for specific age groups and risk factors.
  • To highlight changes in vaccination recommendations for HPV, influenza, meningococcal, pneumococcal, and cholera.

Main Methods:

  • Review of newly approved vaccines and updated clinical guidelines.
  • Analysis of vaccine efficacy and target populations for new formulations.
  • Synthesis of recommendations for sequential or concurrent vaccine administration.

Main Results:

  • A 9-valent HPV vaccine offers broader protection against cancer-causing types and can complete prior series.
  • New high-dose and enhanced adjuvant influenza vaccines are available for adults 65+, though no preference is currently stated.
  • Two new group B meningococcal vaccines are approved for specific high-risk groups.
  • Updated pneumococcal vaccination guidelines recommend PCV13 followed by PPSV23 for older adults and specific protocols for immunocompromised individuals.
  • A new cholera vaccine is approved for US use.

Conclusions:

  • The introduction of new vaccines necessitates updated guidance for healthcare providers and the public.
  • These vaccines expand options for preventing serious infectious diseases across different demographics.
  • Adherence to updated recommendations ensures optimal vaccine effectiveness and public health protection.