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Related Concept Videos

Torque01:10

Torque

23.2K
Torque is an important quantity for describing the dynamics of a rotating rigid body. We see the application of torque in many ways in the world, such as when pressing the accelerator in a car, which causes the engine to apply additional torque on the drivetrain. Here, we define torque and provide a framework to create an equation to calculate torque for a rigid body with fixed-axis rotation.
Torque can be considered as the rotational counterpart to force. Since forces change the translational...
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Beams with Unsymmetric Loadings01:17

Beams with Unsymmetric Loadings

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Analyzing a supported beam under unsymmetrical loadings is essential in structural engineering to understand how beams respond to varied force distributions. This analysis involves calculating the deflection and identifying points where the slope of the beam is zero, which are crucial for ensuring structural stability and functionality.
The first moment-area theorem determines the slope at any point on the beam. This theorem indicates that the change in slope between two points on a beam...
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Net Torque Calculations01:19

Net Torque Calculations

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When a mechanic tries to remove a hex nut with a wrench, it is easier if the force is applied at the farthest end of the wrench handle. The lever arm is the distance from the pivot point (the hex nut in this case) to the person’s hand. If this distance is large, the torque is higher. Only the component of the force perpendicular to the lever arm contributes to the torque. Therefore, pushing the wrench perpendicular to the lever arm is more advantageous. If multiple people apply force to...
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Beams with Symmetric Loadings01:15

Beams with Symmetric Loadings

468
The moment-area method is an analytical tool used in structural engineering to determine the slope and deflection of beams under various loads. Consider a cantilever with a concentrated load and moment at the free end. The first step is constructing a free-body diagram to calculate the reactions at the fixed end. Next, the bending moment diagram is plotted to visualize how the bending moment varies along the beam's length, focusing on points where the bending moment equals zero.
The M/EI...
468
Impact Loading on a Cantilever Beam01:13

Impact Loading on a Cantilever Beam

965
The analysis of a cantilever beam with a circular cross-section subjected to impact loading at its free end illustrates the conversion of potential energy from a dropped object into kinetic energy, which is then absorbed by the beam as strain energy. This process is crucial for understanding how materials behave under dynamic loads, which is important in fields such as construction and aerospace.
When an object is dropped onto the free end of a cantilever, its potential energy due to gravity is...
965
Two-Dimensional Force System01:20

Two-Dimensional Force System

1.7K
A two-dimensional system in mechanical engineering involves the analysis of motion and forces in a plane. A two-dimensional force vector can be resolved into its components as:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Author Spotlight: Introduction to Active Probe Atomic Force Microscopy with Quattro-Parallel Cantilever Arrays
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Multi-Axis Force/Torque Sensor Based on Simply-Supported Beam and Optoelectronics.

Yohan Noh1,2, Joao Bimbo3, Sina Sareh4

  • 1Department of Informatics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK. yohan.noh@kcl.ac.uk.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel multi-axis force/torque sensor using optoelectronic technology. Its low power, low noise, and cost-effective design are ideal for robotics, including Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) robots.

Keywords:
force/torque sensorlight intensity opticsmulti-axis force/torqueoptoelectronic sensors

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Area of Science:

  • Robotics and Mechanical Engineering
  • Optoelectronics and Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Conventional force sensing methods often suffer from high power consumption and noise.
  • Existing sensors can be bulky and expensive, limiting their integration into complex systems.
  • There is a need for compact, low-cost, and high-performance force/torque sensors for advanced robotic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel multi-axis force/torque sensor utilizing a simply-supported beam and optoelectronic technology.
  • To highlight the advantages of this new sensor, including low power consumption, reduced noise, and cost-effectiveness.
  • To demonstrate the sensor's applicability in flexible continuum manipulators, specifically for Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) robots.

Main Methods:

  • Design and fabrication of a multi-axis force/torque sensor based on a simply-supported beam structure.
  • Integration of optoelectronic technology for high-sensitivity force and torque measurement.
  • Development and testing of the sensor for application in a cylindrical Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) robot.

Main Results:

  • The developed sensor exhibits low power consumption and significantly lower noise levels compared to strain gauge-based sensors.
  • The sensor is designed for easy integration into various mechanical structures and offers miniaturization capabilities.
  • Fabrication and assembly processes are simple and cost-effective, enabling customisation for diverse robotic systems.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed optoelectronic multi-axis force/torque sensor offers a compelling alternative to traditional sensing methods.
  • Its key advantages make it suitable for a wide array of applications, including medical robotics, manufacturing, and human-robot interaction.
  • Successful application in a Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) robot demonstrates the sensor's potential for advanced robotic manipulation and control.